龙川江上游典型小流域农业面源污染物排放特征与评价  

Discharge Characteristics and Evaluation of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollutants in Typical Small Watersheds in the Upper Reaches of Longchuan River

作　　者：董磊[1,2,3] 翟文亮 潘雄[1,2] 林莉 张胜 DONG Lei;ZHAI Wen-liang;PAN Xiong(Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan,Hubei 430010;Key Laboratory of Basin Water Resource and Eco-environmental Science in Hubei Province,Wuhan,Hubei 430010;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430074)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会长江科学院,湖北武汉430010 [2]流域水资源与生态环境科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430010 [3]华中科技大学化学与化工学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第2期59-65,71,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CKSF2021480/SH,CKSF2017062/SH);湖北省自然科学基金面上项目(2020CFB663)。

摘　　要：[目的]为了解龙川江上游小流域农业面源污染现状和特征,制定相应的农业面源防控措施,对流域内农业面源污染情况进行调查分析和评价。[方法]基于2019年7月份现场勘查,通过对龙川江上游典型小流域内五街镇、沙桥镇、龙川镇、雨露白族自治乡4个乡镇的27个行政村的农业种植、人居生活源(农村生活污水、生活垃圾)、畜禽养殖进行实地勘查,并对污染负荷进行系统评价分析。[结果]龙川江上游小流域内4个乡镇的面源污染排放源中,农业种植污染源污染物的排放入河量和污染负荷率最大,分别为1552.48 t/a和86.31%;人居生活源污染物的排放入河量和污染负荷率分别是227.89 t/a和12.67%;畜禽养殖污染源污染物的排放入河量和污染负荷率分别是为18.04 t/a和1.02%。在COD、NH_(3)-N、TN、TP评价因子中,污染负荷率最高的是COD,达92.08%,TN污染负荷率为6.33%,NH_(3)-N和TP的污染负荷率分别为0.89%、0.70%。[结论]农业种植是龙川江上游小流域农业面源的主要来源,也是该小流域农业面源污染防控的重点。[Objective]In order to understand the status and characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution in the small watershed of the upper reaches of the Longchuan River,and formulate corresponding agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control measures,the agricultural non-point source pollution in the basin was investigated,analyzed and evaluated.[Method]Based on the site survey in July 2019,through field surveys of agricultural plant pollution source,human living pollution sources(rural domestic sewage,rural domestic garbage)and livestock and poultry pollution source in 27 administrative villages in Wujie Town,Shaqiao Town,Longchuan Town and Yulu Town in typical small watersheds in the upper reaches of the Longchuan River,and the pollution load was systematically evaluated and analyzed.[Result]Among the non-point source pollution emission sources of the four townships in the small watershed of the upper reaches of Longchuan River,the agricultural plant pollution source had the largest discharge volume and pollution load rate,which were 1552.48 t/a and 86.31%,respectively.As to the human living pollution sources,the discharge into the river and the pollution load rate were 227.89 t/a and 12.67%,respectively.As to the livestock and poultry pollution sources,the discharge into the river and the pollution load rate were 18.04 t/a and 1.02%,respectively.Among the four evaluation factors of COD,NH_(3)-N,TN and TP,the highest pollution load rate was COD,reaching 92.08%,the TN pollution load rate was 6.33%,and the pollution load rates of NH_(3)-N and TP were 0.89%and 0.70%,respectively.[Conclusion]The agricultural plant pollution source is the main source of agricultural non-point source in the small watershed of the upper reaches of Longchuan River,and it is also the key point of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control in the small watershed.

关 键 词：龙川江上游 小流域 农业面源污染 排放特征 评价 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]