不同中晚熟玉米品种机械粒收适宜收获期研究  

Study on the Suitable Harvest Period for Mechanical Grain Harvest of DifferentMiddle and Late Maturing Maize Varieties

作　　者：徐青松 徐劲松 张红梅 李欣 申媚贤 王志宏 XU Qingsong;XU Jinsong;ZHANG Hongmei;LI Xin;SHEN Meixian;WANG Zhihong(Shanxi Functional Food Research Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030031;Shanxi Qingzhuo Maize Seed Research Institute,Taiyuan Shanxi 030031;Maize Research Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Xinzhou Shanxi 034000;Xinzhou Meteorological Bureau,Xinzhou Shanxi 034000)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学山西功能食品研究院,山西太原030031 [2]山西青卓玉米种子研究所,山西太原030031 [3]山西农业大学玉米研究所,山西忻州034000 [4]忻州市气象局,山西忻州034000

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2022年第3期34-39,共6页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：山西省自然资金项目“玉米籽粒灌浆和脱水速率机制研究”(201601D102050)。

摘　　要：为明确不同玉米品种机械粒收的适宜收获时期,以20个玉米品种为材料,开展了不同收获期试验,分析了玉米不同收获期籽粒含水率与破碎率的关系。结果表明,9月30日和10月6日收获的玉米籽粒含水率与籽粒破碎率成显著正相关关系(r=0.889 32、r=0.902 14);10月13日和10月20日收获的玉米籽粒含水率与籽粒破碎率分别成中强相关关系和弱相关关系(r=0.690 45和r=0.398 53)。正常收获期(9月30日)推后6、13、20 d,可分别争取到77.09℃、140.09℃和215.69℃的积温,可使籽粒含水率分别下降13.57%、27.67%和40.80%;籽粒破碎率分别下降38.96%、84.51%和99.07%。根据各品种籽粒含水率和破碎率平均值和《玉米收获机械》(GB/T 21962—2020)国家标准规定综合分析:宜机械收获的品种比例正常收获期(9月30日)为0%,推后6 d收获期(10月6日)为75%,推后13 d收获期(10月13日)为100%,推后20 d收获期(10月20日)玉米品种宜于机械粒收、烘干和储藏一体化作业。In order to determine the suitable harvest period for mechanical grain harvest of different maize varieties,using 20 maize varieties as materials, a test of different harvest periods was carried out, and the relationship between grain moisture content and grain breakage rate in different harvest periods was analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the grain moisture content and grain breakage rate in the maize seed harvested on September 30(r=0.889 32) and October 6(r=0.902 14). There was a moderately strong correlation between the grain moisture content and grain breakage rate in the maize seed harvested on October 13(r=0.690 45), and a weak correlation between that in the maize seed harvested on October 20(r=0.398 53). When the normal harvest period was delayed by6,13 and 20 days, respectively, the accumulated temperature of 77.09 ℃, 140.09 ℃ and 215.69 ℃ could be obtained, the moisture content could respectively decrease by 13.57%, 27.67% and 40.80%, and the grain breakage could respectively decrease by 38.96%, 84.51% and 99.07%. According to the average of the grain moisture content and breakage rate and the national standard Maize Harvester(GB/T 21962 - 2020), comprehensive analysis was conducted: the mechanical grain harvest maize varieties with normal harvest period(September 30) account for 0;the mechanical grain harvest maize varieties with harvest period delayed by 6 days(October 6) account for 75%;the mechanical grain harvest maize varieties with harvest period delayed by 13 days(October 13) of normal harvest period account for 100%;the mechanical grain harvest maize varieties with harvest period delayed by 20 days(October 20) were suitable for the integrated operation of mechanical grain collection, drying and storage.

关 键 词：玉米 品种 收获期 含水率 破碎率 

分 类 号：S513.037[农业科学—作物学]