俄罗斯远东开发战略评估--从“东向”到“东向北向联动”  

Evolution on Russia's Far East Development Strategy-From"Eastward"to"Eastward and Northward Together"

作　　者：高际香[1] Gao Jixiang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2022年第1期5-30,共26页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“上海合作组织命运共同体构建研究”(项目批准号:19ZDA130);科学技术部项目“新时代中俄科技创新合作战略研究”(项目批准号:ZLY202167)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：因乌克兰危机导致融入欧洲的“西向”战略受挫,俄罗斯政府再次将目光投向东方。以2014年《远东联邦区社会经济发展国家规划》颁布为起点,俄罗斯正式实施“东向战略”,通过“一区一港”“一公顷免费土地”等制度和政策创新,在吸引投资和移民上取得一定成效,但上述举措对远东地区整体发展的促进作用仍显不足。在全球气候变化加速演进,北极地区成为关注焦点的背景下,2019年以《2025年前空间发展战略》将远东和北极地区纳入统一发展框架为标志,开启了“东向北向联动”发展战略布局,意图利用远东和北极地区矿产、土地等资源优势,以及连通北冰洋和太平洋、紧邻亚太巨大消费市场和制造基地等区位优势,全面推动远东和北极地区联动发展,在融入亚太地区的同时,确保北极利益,重塑欧亚大国和北方大国地位。但基于现实基础和国际环境制约,要最终达成目标仍面临巨大挑战。The Ukrainian crisis has set back Russia's"Westward"strategy of integrating into Europe and made the Russian government set its sights on the East.Starting from the promulgation of the"National Plan for the Social and Economic Development of the Far Eastern Federal District"in 2014,Russia officially implemented the"Eastward Strategy".The system and policy innovations such as"one district,one port"and"one hectare of free land"have yielded good results in attracting investment and immigration,but it was still insufficient in promoting the overall development of the Far East.In the context of global climate change,the Arctic region has become the focus of attention.Accordingly,the Russian government has included the Far East and the Arctic region in a unified framework and launched the development strategy of"Eastward and Northward Together"in its"Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025".With this strategy,Russia intends to take advantage of the rich resources such as minerals and land,the location of the Far East and Arctic region that connect the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean,as well as accessibility to the huge consumer market and manufacturing base in the Asia-Pacific region,and comprehensively promote the joint development of the Far East and the Arctic region.Although Russia aims to ensure its interests in the Arctic region and re-establish itself as a great Power in Eurasia,it still faces huge challenges given the practical basis and international environmental constraints.

关 键 词：远东开发战略 “东向” “东向北向联动” 制度政策创新 

分 类 号：F13[经济管理—世界经济] F175.120