当代俄罗斯政党财政及其对选举的影响--以第七届国家杜马选举为例  

Finance of Political Parties in Contemporary Russia and Its Impact on Elections-Take the 7th State Duma Election as An Example

作　　者：那传林 Na Chuanlin

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学历史文化与旅游学院

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2022年第1期31-50,共20页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“当代俄罗斯国家治理能力现代化过程中的政党建设研究”(项目批准号:14BZZ006)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《俄罗斯联邦联邦会议国家杜马代表选举法》对选举基金有专门规定:政党参加选举一定要建立政党选举基金。政党选举基金全部经费支出最高不超过7亿卢布。政党的自有资金不可超过选举基金限额的50%,即3.5亿卢布,对公民和法人捐赠的条件和金额也有相应限制。通过对参加第七届俄罗斯国家杜马选举的全部14个政党的选举财政情况进行研究可得出以下结论:选举基金的支出与第七届俄罗斯国家杜马选举结果没有直接的因果关系;意识形态因素对杜马选举发挥着重要作用,“统一俄罗斯”党和俄罗斯联邦共产党这两个党具有更多的选举竞争力;在第七届国家杜马选举中,最终获得进入俄国家杜马资格的4个主要政党除俄罗斯联邦共产党之外,都有募集到直接的政治献金,这些政治献金在俄罗斯是合法的;进入国家杜马中的政党在印刷宣传品方面的选举支出所发挥的作用要比其在电视宣传方面的选举支出发挥的作用大。"On the Election of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation"has clear provisions on election funds:political parties must establish election fund to participate in elections.The total expenditure of the political party election fund shall not exceed 700 million rubles.Political parties'own funds cannot exceed 50%of the election fund limit,which is 350 million rubles,and there are corresponding restrictions on the conditions and amounts of donations by citizens and legal persons.By studying the electoral finances of all 14 political parties participating in the 7th Russian State Duma election,the following conclusions can be drawn preliminarily:First,there is also no direct causal relationship between the expenditure of the electoral fund and the election results of the 7th Russian State Duma.Second,ideological factors play an important role in the Duma election,and the two parties,the"United Russia"and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation,have more electoral competitiveness.Third,in the 7th State Duma election,all the four major political parties that finally enter the Russian State Duma raised direct political donations except the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.Fourth,election spending on printing propaganda materials plays a larger role than election spending on television propaganda for parties entering the State Duma.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 第七届国家杜马选举 政党财政 

分 类 号：D73[政治法律—政治学] D775.122.4[政治法律—中外政治制度]