不同土壤改良剂对玉米产量及根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Conditioners on Maize Yield and Microorganism and Enzyme Activity in Rhizosphere Soil

作　　者：梁继华[1] 黄白红[1] 田学辉 Liang Jihua;Huang Baihong;Tian Xuehui(College of Changde Vocational and Technical,Changde 415000,China;College of Agriculture and Forestry Technology,Hunan Institute of Applied Technology,Changde 415000,China)

机构地区：[1]常德职业技术学院,湖南常德415000 [2]湖南应用技术学院农林科技学院,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第1期80-85,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省教育厅课题(19B407)。

摘　　要：试验采用随机区组设计,研究施用不同土壤改良剂(熟石灰、EM菌剂、沼泽液)及其不同浓度处理对玉米产量、根际微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)随着3种改良剂施用浓度的增加,玉米产量均逐渐增加;相同浓度下,玉米产量则表现为沼泽液>EM菌剂>熟石灰。(2)玉米根系总根长、总体积、总表面积和主根直径均随着改良剂浓度的增加呈逐渐增加趋势,主根直径在不同土壤改良剂处理下差异不显著;相同浓度下,玉米根系总根长、总体积、总表面积均表现为沼泽液>EM菌剂>熟石灰。(3)施加不同土壤改良剂后,土壤pH值均有不同程度的升高,其中以沼泽液处理土壤pH值最高;玉米根际土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷、速效钾随改良剂浓度增加呈逐渐提高趋势,土壤全磷在不同改良剂处理下差异不显著;相同浓度下,玉米根际土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷、速效钾均表现为沼泽液>EM菌剂>熟石灰。(4)随着3种改良剂施用浓度的增加,玉米根际土壤微生物群落多样性、微生物数量和酶活性呈逐渐增加趋势,处理间差异多达显著水平,而均匀度指数、优势度指数在不同土壤改良剂处理下差异均不显著;相同浓度下,玉米根际土壤微生物群落多样性指数表现为沼泽液>EM菌剂>熟石灰。综上表明:施加不同土壤改良剂可为玉米提供适宜的生长环境,增加土壤微生物数量和酶活性,进而促进玉米产量的提高,以沼泽液效果最好。The effects of different concentrations of different soil conditioners(hydrated lime,EM fungicides and marsh fluid)on maize yield and rhizosphere microorganism and enzymes activity were studied using a randomized block experiment.The results were as follows.(1)The maize yield increased gradually with the increase of application concentrations of the three conditioners.At the same concentration,the maize yield showed as marsh fluid>EM bacteria>hydrated lime.(2)The total root length,total volume,total area and root diameter of maize increased with the increase of conditioner concentration.The difference in root diameter was not significant among different soil conditioners.At the same concentration,the total length,total volume and total area of maize roots showed as marsh fluid>EM bacteria>hydrated lime.(3)After applying the conditioners,the soil pH increased to different degrees,among which,the soil pH value was the highest under marsh fluid.The rhizosphere organic carbon,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium increased gradually with the increase of conditioner concentration,while the total phosphorus in soil showed no significant difference between different soil conditioner treatments.At the same concentration,the organic carbon,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil of maize showed as marsh fluid>EM bacteria>hydrated lime.(4)With the increase of conditioner concentration,the microbial community diversity,microorganism quantity and enzyme activity in maize rhizosphere soil increased gradually,and they were significantly different between treatments.The uniformity index and dominance index were not significantly different between different treatments.At the same concentration,the microbial community diversity index in maize rhizosphere soil showed as marsh fluid>EM bacteria>hydrated lime.The comprehensive analysis showed that the application of different soil conditioners could provide a suitable growth environment for maize growth,increase the q

关 键 词：土壤改良剂 玉米 产量 根际土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]