高强韧金属材料中微结构的研究和应用  

Research and Application of Microstructure in High Strength and Toughness Metallic Materials

作　　者：贾云柯 陈晓华[2] 李坤淑[3] 朱谕至 潘士伟 陈凯旋 王艳林[1] 王自东[1] JIA Yun-ke;CHEN Xiao-hua;LI Kun-shu;ZHU Yu-zhi;PAN Shi-wei;CHEN Kai-xuan;WANG Yan-lin;WANG Zi-dong(School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Laiwu Vocational and Technical College,Jinan 271100,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学新金属材料国家重点实验室,北京100083 [3]莱芜职业技术学院,济南271100

出　　处：《精密成形工程》2022年第1期79-94,共16页Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金基础研究(YDZX2021005)。

摘　　要：金属结构材料中的共格界面强化近年来受到广泛关注,虽然,该方法被证明是一种可同时实现强度、韧性双增的有效途径,但该类材料的制备往往受到尺寸、设备或工艺的制约。近期,一种全新的原位纳米颗粒强化技术被提出,旨在通过弥散分布的共格纳米粒子实现材料微观组织的优化及综合性能的提升。文中以铁基合金、铜合金、铝合金为例,对原位纳米颗粒增强合金的成分设计、制备方法及加工工艺选取进行详细介绍,建立该类共格粒子的强韧化机制理论,分析其对金属材料的微观结构和力学性能的影响,综述原位纳米颗粒高强高韧材料的研究现状,并指出其瓶颈与不足。在金属材料中引入原位纳米颗粒,可以实现共格纳米增强增韧,同时具有抑制偏析、细化晶粒、细化第二相/夹杂物、优化材料组织的作用,在多因素协同作用下实现材料的强韧双增,可被广泛应用于铁基合金、铜合金、铝合金、高熵合金等领域。最后对原位纳米强化技术的推进与工业化生产进行了展望。Over the past several years, coherent interface strengthening in metallic materials has drawn much attention. Although it has been proved to be an effective way to simultaneously increase the strength and ductility, its fabrication techniques are restricted to the size, equipment, and manufacturing process. Recently, a brand-new method based on in-situ nanoparticle strengthening was proposed to optimize microstructure and improve comprehensive property through uniformly dispersed coherent nanoparticles. In the work, Fe-based alloys, Cu alloys and Al alloys were selected as examples to illustrate the composition design, fabrication method and processing technique of in situ nanoparticles strengthening alloy. The strengthening and toughening mechanism of such coherent particles was established, while the effect of such coherent-particles on microstructure and mechanical properties was also analyzed. In addition, the recent progress on in-situ particle strengthening in metallic structural materials was summarized, and corresponding bottlenecks were also pointed out. The introduction of in-situ nanoparticles in metal materials can achieve coherent nano-precipitate reinforcement, and play important roles in inhibiting segregations, refining crystal grains, refining second phase/inclusions, and optimizing material microstructures, which in turn increases the strength and ductility simultaneously. It can be widely used in Fe-based alloys, Cu alloys. Al alloys, high-entropy alloy, etc. Finally, it is expected that in-situ nanoparticle strengthening method can play a role in industrial mass production in the future.

关 键 词：原位纳米颗粒 金属材料 强韧化机制 微观组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG113[金属学及工艺—物理冶金] TG14[金属学及工艺—金属学]