氢燃料电池有轨电车混合储能系统的节能运行优化  

Energy Saving Operation Optimization of Hybrid Energy Storage System for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Tram

作　　者：高锋阳[1] 张浩然 王文祥 李明明 高翾宇 Gao Fengyang;Zhang Haoran;Wang Wenxiang;Li Mingming;Gao Xuanyu(Automation and Electrical Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学自动化与电气工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2022年第3期686-696,共11页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划资助项目(2017YFB1201003-020)。

摘　　要：针对燃料电池/超级电容/锂电池混合储能有轨电车能量管理中存在的等效能耗受负载随机性影响较大,无法保证全局功率分配最优的问题,同时为进一步提升燃料经济性,提出一种基于外部能耗的运行优化策略。首先,将负载能量需求分为内部能源燃料电池的实时燃料消耗和外部电源锂电池/超级电容的电能消耗两部分;其次,旨在通过将等效能耗最小化策略的目标函数改写为最大化外部电源出力,以分担燃料电池的高功率负载压力,使其不需要评估等效能耗,从而达到增强对负载变载的鲁棒性,同时最小化实时氢耗的目的;最后,将所提优化策略与等效能耗最小化及状态机和功率解耦策略进行对比分析。结果表明:在整个循环工况中,所提方法相较于等效能耗最小化策略燃料电池氢气消耗降低17.68g,峰值电流降低21.81A;相较于状态机和功率解耦策略氢气消耗降低39.04g,峰值电流降低56.9A,且母线电压偏移范围和各能量源应力均有显著改善。Aiming at the problem that the equivalent energy consumption in the energy management of fuel cell/super capacitor/lithium battery hybrid energy storage trams is greatly affected by load randomness so it cannot guarantee the optimal global power distribution,and to further enhance the fuel economy.An operation optimization strategy is proposed based on external energy consumption.Firstly,the load energy demand is divided into two parts:the real-time fuel consumption of the internal energy fuel cell and the power consumption of the external power lithium battery/super capacitor;secondly,in order to share the high power load pressure of the fuel cell,the objective function is rewritten from the equivalent energy consumption minimization strategy to maximization of the external power output,thus,there is no need to evaluate equivalent energy consumption,so as to achieve the purpose of enhancing the robustness for load change and minimizing real-time hydrogen consumption;finally,the proposed optimization strategy is compared with the equivalent energy consumption minimization and the state machine and power decoupling strategy.The results show that,in the whole cycle conditions,comparing with the equivalent energy minimization strategy,the proposed method reduces the hydrogen consumption by 17.68g and the peak current by 21.81A;comparing with the state machine and power decoupling strategy,it reduces the hydrogen consumption by 39.04g and the peak current by 56.9A;moreover,the bus voltage deviation range and the stress of each energy source are significantly improved as well.

关 键 词：混合储能有轨电车 燃料电池 能量管理 功率分配 外部能耗 

分 类 号：TM92[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]