所有权保留买卖的体系性反思——担保构成、所有权构成及合同构成的纠葛与梳理  

A Systematic Reflection on the Sale of Title Retention:Disputes and Sorting of Guarantee Composition,Ownership Composition and Contract Composition

作　　者：周江洪[1,2] Zhou Jianghong

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院 [2]浙江大学社会科学研究院

出　　处：《社会科学辑刊》2022年第1期82-92,F0002,共12页Social Science Journal

基　　金：中宣部文化名家暨“四个一批”人才工程。

摘　　要：《民法典》对所有权保留作出了重大修改,所有权的担保功能化进一步增强。所有权保留买卖具有多维性,具有担保构成、所有权构成和合同构成的不同面向,这决定了所保留的所有权既不是完全功能化的担保物权,也不同于动产所有权。所有权保留在担保功能实现的条件和程序上有别于动产抵押,在适用“正常经营买受人规则”抑或适用动产善意取得制度上也可能存在分歧。所保留的所有权属于特定目的所有权,无法依照所有权规则自由处分,即使未产生物权变动仍要求“登记”。所有权保留属于买卖合同的附款,但买卖合同的解除权、风险负担规则、物上代位以及出卖人的所有权移转义务等,都会受到所有权保留特性的影响。无论是内部体系还是外部体系,都不应简单化地将保留的所有权视为担保物权或所有权,而应根据相应制度目的的不同分别考虑所有权保留的何种特性起决定性作用。The Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China has made major revisions to the retention of title(ROT),in which the security function has been further enhanced.The multidimensional nature of the ROT sale,with its different orientations of security,ownership and contract,determines that the ownership retained is neither a fully functional security right nor the ownership of movable property.The ROT is different from a chattel mortgage in terms of the conditions and procedures for the realization of the security function,and there may be differences in the application of the“arm’s length buyer rule”or the bona fide possession system.The retained title is a specific-purpose ownership that cannot be freely disposed of according to the rules of ownership and requires“registration”even though no change in property rights has occurred.The ROT is the supplementary terms in sales contract,but the right of rescission,the rule of risk assumption,property subrogation,and the seller’s obligation of ownership transfer,etc.,will all be affected by the characteristics of the ROT.Neither the internal nor the external system should simplistically treat retained ownership as a security right or title,but rather consider separately what characteristics of the ROT are decisive,depending on differnet purposes of the respective institutions.

关 键 词：民法典 所有权保留 担保所有权 买卖合同 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]