不同泌乳水平奶牛瘤胃发酵及血清代谢差异的研究  

Difference of Rumen Fermentation and Serum Metabolites in Dairy Cows of Different Milk Yields

作　　者：沈义媛 詹经纬 李欣 牛慧 吴富鑫 关淑文 童津津 蒋林树 熊本海[2] SHEN Yiyuan;ZHAN Jingwei;LI Xin;NIU Hui;WU Fuxin;GUAN Shuwen;TONG Jinjin;JIANG Linshu;XIONG Benhai(Key Laboratory for Dairy Nutrition,College of Animal Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China;Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院动物科学技术学院,奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室,北京102206 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第1期349-357,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：北京市教育委员会科研计划一般项目;北京市现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队。

摘　　要：本试验通过研究不同泌乳水平奶牛在瘤胃发酵和血清代谢上的差异,从消化和代谢的角度解释不同泌乳水平奶牛的泌乳合成机制差异,为提高奶牛的生产性能提供理论依据。试验采用随机区组设计,选择24头体况良好、体重[(648.50±68.65)kg]、胎次[(2.64±0.70)胎]相近的泌乳中期[(182.0±31.5)d]荷斯坦奶牛,按产奶量分为高产组[(41.7±4.8)kg/d]和低产组[(24.1±3.9)kg/d],各12头,在相同的饲养管理条件下饲喂相同的全混合日粮。分别用乳成分分析仪、酶免法、比色法和气相色谱法对乳成分、血清代谢指标及瘤胃发酵参数进行测定。结果表明:1)高产组奶牛乳成分中乳蛋白、乳脂和乳糖含量极显著高于低产组(P<0.01),乳总固形物含量显著高于低产组(P<0.05),而乳蛋白率极显著低于低产组(P<0.01);2)高产组奶牛瘤胃中总挥发性脂肪酸、丙酸及丁酸含量极显著高于低产组(P<0.01),乙酸含量显著高于低产组(P<0.05);3)高产组奶牛血清能量代谢指标葡萄糖(GLU)和甘油三酯(TG)含量极显著低于低产组(P<0.01),非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著低于低产组(P<0.05),β-羟丁酸(BHBA)含量极显著高于低产组(P<0.01);抗氧化指标血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于低产组(P<0.05),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著低于低产组(P<0.05);免疫指标血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量极显著低于低产组(P<0.01),免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著低于低产组(P<0.05),而免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于低产组(P<0.05)。综上所述,高、低产奶牛在瘤胃发酵及血清代谢指标方面存在显著性差异。The aim of this experiment was to study the differences in rumen fermentation and serum metabolism between cows with different milk yield,then explain the differences in performance of cows with different milk yield in terms of digestion and metabolism,and provide a theoretical basis for improving the performance of cows.A randomized blocks design was used to select 24 healthy lactating Holstein cows[(182.0±31.5)d],divided into a high lactating group[(50.0±4.8)kg/d]and a low lactating group[(30.0±3.9)kg/d]of 12 cows each,and all were fed total mixed rations.Milk composition,serum metabolic indexes and rumen fermentation parameters were determined by milk composition analyzer,enzyme immunity method,colorimetry and gas chromatography.The results showed as follows:1)milk protein,milk fat and lactose contents were extremely significantly higher in the high lactating group than in the low lactating group(P<0.01),total milk solid content was significantly higher than that in the low lactating group(P<0.05),and milk protein rate was extremely significantly lower than that in the low lactating group(P<0.01);2)in the rumen fermentation parameters,total volatile acid,propionic acid and butyric acid contents were extremely significantly higher than those in the low lactating group(P<0.01),and acetic acid content was significantly higher than that in the low lactating group(P<0.05);3)serum energy metabolism indexes glucose(GLU)and triglycerides(TG)contents were extremely significantly lower in the high lactating group than in the low lactating group(P<0.01),non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)contents were significantly lower than those in the low lactating group(P<0.05),andβ-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA)content was extremely significantly higher than that in the low lactating group(P<0.01);4)serum antioxidant index malondialdehyde(MDA)content was significantly higher(P<0.05),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity were significantly lower than those in

关 键 词：瘤胃发酵 能量代谢 血清代谢指标 高、低产奶牛 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]