饲粮中性洗涤纤维/淀粉比值对荷斯坦公牛瘤胃古菌和甲烷排放量的影响  

Effects of Dietary Neutral Detergent Fiber/Starch Ratio on Rumen Archaea and Methane Emission of Holstein Bulls

作　　者：侯路钊 王增林 孙雪丽 刘桃桃 李秋凤[1] 曹玉凤[1] 李建国[1] 高艳霞[1] 陈攀亮 HOU Luzhao;WANG Zenglin;SUN Xueli;LIU Taotao;LI Qiufeng;CAO Yufeng;LI Jianguo;GAO Yanxia;CHEN Panliang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agriculture University,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,保定071001

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第1期358-371,共14页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：河北省现代产业技术体系肉牛创新团队(HBCT2018130202);河北省科技厅科研专项(172276225D);财政部和农业农村部——国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在通过Illumina HiSeq测序技术和实时定量PCR研究饲粮中性洗涤纤维(NDF)/淀粉比值对荷斯坦公牛瘤胃古菌和甲烷排放量的影响。选取36头体重[(282±37)kg]相近、健康的荷斯坦奶公牛,随机分为3组,每组12头。各组分别饲喂NDF/淀粉比值为1.13(Ⅰ组)、1.38(Ⅱ组)、1.63(Ⅲ组)的全混合日粮(TMR)。预试期7 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)Ⅰ组甲烷排放量较Ⅱ、Ⅲ组极显著降低了33.13%、67.89%(P<0.01)。2)Alpha多样性分析发现,Ⅲ组Chao1指数显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),系统发育树极显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。3)各组甲烷短杆菌属在瘤胃古菌中占绝对优势,其相对丰度≥97%。Ⅲ组甲烷短杆菌属相对丰度显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。4)Beta多样性分析和基于功能基因的主成分分析(PCA)发现,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组样品瘤胃古菌菌群相似度和功能组成比较接近,与Ⅲ组样品有差异。5)由PICRUSt基因预测发现,各组甲烷产生途径存在差异。6)各组之间反刍兽甲烷短杆菌数量存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。综上所述,降低饲粮NDF/淀粉比值能够减少甲烷排放量,降低瘤胃古菌丰富度指数,降低甲烷短杆菌属相对丰度和反刍兽甲烷短杆菌数量,并减少了荷斯坦公牛瘤胃甲烷菌生成甲烷途径。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different dietary neutral detergent fiber(NDF)/starch ratio on rumen archaea and methane emission of Holstein bulls analyzed by Illumina HiSeq sequencing technology and real-time quantitative PCR.Thirty-six healthy Holstein bulls with similar body weight[(282±37)kg]were randomly divided into three groups with twelve bulls in each group.Bulls in each group were randomly fed total mixed diets(TMR)which the NDF/starch ratios were 1.13(groupⅠ),1.38(groupⅡ)and 1.63(groupⅢ),respectively.The pre-trial lasted for 7 days,and the formal trial lasted for 90 days.The results showed as follows:1)the methane emission of groupⅠwas significantly decreased by 33.13%and 67.89%than that of groupsⅡandⅢ(P<0.01).2)The results of Alpha diversity analysis showed that the Chao1 index of groupⅢwas significantly higher than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05),and the PD_whole_tree was significantly higher than that of groupⅠ(P<0.01).3)The Methanobrevibacter accounted for absolute advantage in rumen archaea,and its relative abundance was≥97%.The Methanobrevibacter relative abundance of groupⅢwas significantly higher than that of groupsⅠandⅡ(P<0.05).4)The results of Beta diversity analysis and principal component analysis(PCA)based on functional gene showed that the similarity and functional composition of rumen archaea flora of groupsⅠandⅡsamples were similar,and had difference with groupⅢsamples.5)PICRUSt genes predict showed that there were differences in methane production pathways among all groups.6)There were significant differences in Methanobrevibacter ruminantium number among all groups(P<0.01).In conclusion,dietary NDF/starch ratio can reduce the methane emission,decrease the rumen archaea diversity indexes,decrease the Methanobrevibacter relative abundance and Methanobrevibacter ruminantium number,and reduce the rumen methane production pathways of Holstein bulls.

关 键 词：Illumina HiSeq测序技术 实时定量PCR 中性洗涤纤维/淀粉比值 瘤胃古菌 甲烷排放量 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]