高原高寒露天矿区氟化物与硫化物特征及污染评价  

Characteristics and Pollution Evaluation of Fluoride and Sulfide in Plateau Alpine Open-pit Mining Area

作　　者：许泰 鄂崇毅[1,2,3] 谢丽倩 张晶 先巴吉[1,2,3] 孙满平 张帅旗 XU Tai;E Chongyi;XIE Liqian;ZHANG Jing;XIAN Baji;SUN Manping;ZHANG Shuaiqi(Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation(Ministry of Education),Qinghai Normal University,Xining,Qinghai 810008,China;Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process,College of Geographical Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining,Qinghai 810008,China;Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,People's Government of Qinghai Province and Beijing Normal University,Xining,Qinghai 810008,China;College of Energy Engineering,Longdong University,Qingyang,Gansu 745000,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]青海师范大学地理科学学院青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [3]高原科学与可持续发展研究院,青海西宁810008 [4]陇东学院能源工程学院,甘肃庆阳市745000

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2022年第1期139-144,共6页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41761042);青海省自然科学基金项目(2017-ZJ-901);甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(20JR10RA140)。

摘　　要：为了明确氟化物与硫化物对土壤重构的影响,选取青海省木里露天矿坑周边土壤作为研究对象,在聚乎更矿区、哆嗦贡玛矿区和江仓矿区采集了9个采坑周边土壤样品29个,在矿区外围采集草甸土壤样品25个。对土壤中氟化物与硫化物的含量进行分析,并采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数法和地质累积指数法等评价方法进行氟化物和硫化物的污染评价。结果表明,矿坑周边土壤中的氟化物含量远大于沼泽草甸土壤中的氟化物含量,超标率为72.4%,矿坑周边土壤中的硫化物含量低于沼泽草甸土壤中的硫化物含量,氟化物对采矿活动和煤矸石堆积比较敏感,存在一定程度的富集和累积效应。评价结果表明,木里矿区周围土壤中硫化物在清洁安全范围内,氟化物整体在安全范围内,部分采坑存在轻度污染迹象。在利用矿渣、煤矸石等作为原料进行土壤重构过程中,应注意改善土壤对氟化物的环境容量,防止硫化物氧化和氟化物的淋滤对土壤环境造成恶化。In order to clarify the influence of fluoride and sulfide on soil remodeling, the soil around the Muli open-pit mine in Qinghai Province was selected as the research object. 29 soil samples around 9 mining pits were collected at the Juhugeng mining area, Dosogongma mining area and Jiangcang mining area. At the same time, 25 meadow soil samples were collected in the periphery of the mining area. The contents of fluoride and sulfide in the soil were analyzed, and the pollution of fluoride and sulfide was evaluated by single factor index, Nemerow composite index and geoaccumulation index method. The results show that the content of fluoride in the soil around the mine pit is far greater than that in the swamp meadow soil, with an exceeding rate of 72.4%, while its sulfide content is lower than that in swamp meadow soil. Fluoride is sensitive to mining activities and coal gangue accumulation, and has a certain degree of enrichment and accumulation effects. The evaluation results shows that sulfide content in the soil of the Muli mining area is within the clean and safe range, fluoride content is within the safe range as a whole, but has signs of slight pollution in some mining pits. In the process of soil construction with slag and coal gangue as raw materials, attention should be paid to improving the environmental capacity of soil to fluoride, so as to prevent the deterioration of soil environment caused by soil sulfide oxidation and fluoride leaching.

关 键 词：露天煤矿 高原高寒 氟化物 硫化物 土壤污染评价 

分 类 号：TD167[矿业工程—矿山地质测量] X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]