论承认外国法院判决的互惠原则  

The Principle of Reciprocity in Recognition of Foreign Judgments

作　　者：李旺[1] Li Wang

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2022年第1期1-17,共17页NanJing University Law Journal

基　　金：全国哲学社会科学基金重大项目“互联网交易制度和民事权利保护研究”(项目编号:20&ZD192)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：关于外国法院判决承认制度中的互惠原则的解释,时至今日中国司法实践仍处于摸索阶段,存在无条约就无互惠、事实互惠、推定互惠、承诺互惠等不同观点,本文通过对各种观点的梳理,反思批判中国司法实践中采取的不同解释,重申法律互惠的意义,明确互惠原则只能是法律互惠。从法律互惠的角度出发,国与国之间有的判决可以得到承认,而有的判决得不到承认是正常现象。从目前中国承认外国法院判决的诸条件来看,包括互惠原则在内均不成为外国承认中国法院判决的障碍;同时互惠原则有利于防止对方国家在承认条件上设置不合理的条件,从而产生实质性不平等。回归互惠原则本意,准确理解互惠原则的含义及作用,对于完善外国法院判决的承认制度具有重要的意义。Regarding the interpretation of the principle of reciprocity in the recognition system of foreign judgments,Chinese judicial practice is still in the exploratory stage today,presenting different views of no reciprocity without treaties,factual reciprocity,presumed reciprocity,promised reciprocity and so on.This article reviews and criticizes the different interpretations adopted in Chinese judicial practice,reiterates the meaning of de jure reciprocity,and clarifies the principle of reciprocity can only be de jure reciprocity by sorting out all kinds of views.From the perspective of de jure reciprocity,it is normal that some judgments can be recognized between countries,while some judgments cannot be recognized.The current requirements of recognition of foreign judgments in China including the principle of reciprocity are all not any obstacles to the recognition of Chinese judgments by foreign countries.At the same time,the principle of reciprocity helps prevent the corresponding country from setting unreasonable recognition requirements,which will result in substantial inequality.Back to the original intent of the principle of reciprocity,an accurate understanding of the meaning and function of the principle of reciprocity is of great significance to improve the recognition system of foreign judgments.

关 键 词：外国法院判决的承认 互惠原则 法律互惠 事实互惠 推定互惠 

分 类 号：D997.3[政治法律—国际法学]