Optimal Exit Layout Strategy for Crowd Safety Evacuation in a Ramp Domain  

作　　者：Xiaoxia Jian Hua Wang Xiaoning Zhang 

机构地区：[1]School of Economics and Management,Shanghai Institute of Technology,Shanghai 201418,China [2]School of Economics and Management,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China

出　　处：《Journal of Management Science and Engineering》2017年第3期209-226,共18页管理科学学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the research grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71531011,71401126,71771153,71601142);Shanghai Shuguang Program(#13SG23),Program for Fostering of Shanghai Young Teachers in Higher Education Institution(ZZZZyyx16016);Introduction of Talent Research Stand-up Fund of Shanghai Institute of Technology(YJ2016-26);the research grants from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2014M551460,and No.2015T80457).

摘　　要：Pedestrian behavior modeling plays a considerably important role in improving operational efficiency and safety of pedestrian infrastructure.In this paper,we first propose a cost potential field cellular automata model that simulates crowd evacuation dynamics on a ramp with two exits.In the model,each pedestrian navigates according to the cost potential field in the ramp domain.Evacuation behaviors of pedestrians are investigated with respect to the ramp angle and the layout of the exits.An aggregated pushing force field is introduced to capture the effects of pushing interactions among pedestrians under congested situations.The phenomenon of pedestrians’falling down is modeled and demonstrated under various scenarios with different exit layouts and ramp angles.Numerical results show that an optimal layout strategy is to set the two exits in the center of the bottom and the top of the ramp,respectively.This typical exit layout design could effectively prevent and/or reduce crowd injury caused by the domino effect of pedestrians falling down in a stampede.

关 键 词：Exit layout strategy Stampede Potential field Cellular automata model 

分 类 号：U49[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]