Pedigree analysis of 220 almond genotypes reveals two world mainstream breeding lines based on only three different cultivars  

作　　者：Felipe Perez de los Cobos Pedro J.Martinez-Garcia Agusti Romero Xavier Miarnau Iban Eduardo Werner Howad Mourad Mnejja Federico Dicenta Rafel Socias i Company Maria J.Rubio-Cabetas Thomas M.Gradziel Michelle Wirthensohn Henri Duval Doron Holland Pere Arus Francisco J.Vargas Ignasi Batlle 

机构地区：[1]Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries(IRTA),Mas Bove,Ctra.Reus-El Morell Km 3,8,43120 Constanti,Tarragona,Spain [2]Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries(IRTA),Centre de Recerca en Agrigenomica(CRAG),CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB.Cerdanyola del Valles(Bellaterra),08193 Barcelona,Spain [3]Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(CEBAS-CSIC),P.O.Box 164,30100 Espinardo,Murcia,Spain [4]Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries(IRTA),Fruitcentre,PCiTAL,Gardeny Park,Fruitcentre Building,25003 Lleida,Spain [5]Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon(CITA),Avda.Montanana 930,50059,Zaragoza,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon IA2(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza),Zaragoza,Spain [6]University of California,1 Shields Avenue,Davis,CA 95616,USA [7]University of Adelaide,Waite Research,School of Agriculture,Food and Wine,PMB 1,Glen Osmond,Adelaide,SA 5064,Australia [8]Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique(INRA),Domain St.Maurice CS 60094,84143 Montfavet Cedex,France [9]Agricultural Research Organization,Newe-Ya’ar Research Center,P.O.Box 1021,Ramat Yishad 30095,Israel

出　　处：《Horticulture Research》2021年第1期72-82,共11页园艺研究（英文）

基　　金：This research was supported in part by grants from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness MINECO/FEDER Projects RTA 2017-00084-00-00 and CERCA Program Generalitat of Catalonia.

摘　　要：Loss of genetic variability is an increasing challenge in tree breeding programs due to the repeated use of a reduced number of founder genotypes.However,in almond,little is known about the genetic variability in current breeding stocks,although several cases of inbreeding depression have been reported.To gain insights into the genetic structure in modern breeding programs worldwide,marker-verified pedigree data of 220 almond cultivars and breeding selections were analyzed.Inbreeding coefficients,pairwise relatedness,and genetic contribution were calculated for these genotypes.The results reveal two mainstream breeding lines based on three cultivars:“Tuono”,“Cristomorto”,and“Nonpareil”.Descendants from“Tuono”or“Cristomorto”number 76(sharing 34 descendants),while“Nonpareil”has 71 descendants.The mean inbreeding coefficient of the analyzed genotypes was 0.041,with 14 genotypes presenting a high inbreeding coefficient,over 0.250.Breeding programs from France,the USA,and Spain showed inbreeding coefficients of 0.075,0.070,and 0.037,respectively.According to their genetic contribution,modern cultivars from Israel,France,the USA,Spain,and Australia trace back to a maximum of six main founding genotypes.Among the group of 65 genotypes carrying the S f allele for self-compatibility,the mean relatedness coefficient was 0.125,with“Tuono”as the main founding genotype(24.7%of total genetic contribution).The results broaden our understanding about the tendencies followed in almond breeding over the last 50 years and will have a large impact into breeding decision-making process worldwide.Increasing current genetic variability is required in almond breeding programs to assure genetic gain and continuing breeding progress.

关 键 词：breeding CULTIVAR FOUNDING 

分 类 号：S662.9[农业科学—果树学]