Genomic consequences of apple improvement  

作　　者：Zoe Migicovsky Kyle M.Gardner Christopher Richards C.Thomas Chao Heidi R.Schwaninger Gennaro Fazio Gan-Yuan Zhong Sean Myles 

机构地区：[1]Department of Plant,Food,and Environmental Sciences,Faculty of Agriculture,Dalhousie University,Truro,NS,Canada [2]USDA-ARS,Plant Germplasm Preservation Research Unit,Fort Collins,CO,USA [3]USDA-ARS,Grape Genetics Research Unit,Gen eva,NY,USA [4]Present address:Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,Fredericton Research and Development Centre,Fredericton,NB,Canada

出　　处：《Horticulture Research》2021年第1期97-109,共13页园艺研究（英文）

基　　金：funding from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Canada Research Chairs programme(SM).

摘　　要：The apple(Malus domestica)is one of the world's most commercially important perennial crops and its improvement has been the focus of human effort for thousands of years.Here,we genetically characterise over 1000 apple accessions from the United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)germplasm collection using over 30,000 singlenucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).We con fi rm the close genetic relationship between modern apple cultivars and their primary progenitor species,Malus sieversii from Central Asia,and fi nd that cider apples derive more of their ancestry from the European crabapple,Malus sylvestris,than do dessert apples.We determine that most of the USDA collection is a large complex pedigree:over half of the collection is interconnected by a series of fi rst-degree relationships.In addition,15%of the accessions have a fi rst-degree relationship with one of the top 8 cultivars produced in the USA.With the exception of‘Honeycrisp',the top 8 cultivars are interconnected to each other via pedigree relationships.The cultivars‘Golden Delicious'and‘Red Delicious'were found to have over 60 fi rst-degree relatives,consistent with their repeated use by apple breeders.We detected a signature of intense selection for red skin and provide evidence that breeders also selected for increased fi rmness.Our results suggest that Americans are eating apples largely from a single family tree and that the apple's future improvement will bene fi t from increased exploitation of its tremendous natural genetic diversity.

关 键 词：CULTIVAR CROPS consequences 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] Q943.2[农业科学—园艺学]