高邮湖鱼类群落结构特征  

Fish community structure characteristics in Gaoyou Lake

作　　者：宋洁[1,3] 梅肖乐 王鑫洋 张媛媛 刘东[1,3] SONG Jie;MEI Xiao-le;WANG Xin-yang;ZHUANG Yuan-yuan;LIU Dong(Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Fishery Technology and Promotion Center,Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210036,China;Shanghai Ocean University,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai 201306,China;Beijong Zoo,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,海洋动物系统分类与进化上海高校重点实验室,上海201306 [2]江苏省渔业技术推广中心,南京210036 [3]上海海洋大学,水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [4]北京动物园,北京100044

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2022年第1期37-44,共8页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：江苏省五大湖及长江江苏段渔业资源增殖放流评估(2019-SJ-035-07,2020-SJ-036-07)。

摘　　要：为了解高邮湖鱼类群落结构特征,采用三层刺网和单目地笼网鱼类采样工具,于2019-2020年在该湖泊设置的5个点位进行4次调查,鉴定了渔获物种类,分析了鱼类生态类型和群落结构特征指数。结果显示:高邮湖鱼类24种,隶属20属7科6目。淡水性、肉食性和中上层鱼类为优势生态型。鲫(Carassius auratus)、大银鱼(Protosalanx hyalocranius)、鳙(Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、刀鲚(Coilia nasus)和鲢(H.molitrix)为高邮湖优势种。平均Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.45,Pielou均匀度指数为0.61,Simpson优势度指数为0.6,Margalef种类丰富度指数为1.91。与历史资料相比,鱼类群落多样性和丰富度指数有所提高,但群落结构受干扰程度较高。Cluster聚类和nMDS平面图显示,高邮湖不同空间的鱼类多样性差异较小;而与其北部入湖口河流水域相比,鱼类群落结构差异显著。过水性高邮湖的鱼类多样性高于河道,但总体上鱼类物种多样性处于较低水平。Fishes were caught from five sampling sites at this lake using three-mesh gill nets and single-mesh traps of cage net for four times during 2019 and 2020 to investigate the structural attributes of fish assemblage in Gaoyou Lake.After species identity,analysis of dominant ecotypes,and index of fish assemblage were examined.The results showed that a total of 24 species were exemined,which belonging to 20 genera,seven families and six orders.The freshwater,carnivorous and middle-to-pelagic fishes were the dominant ecotypes in Gaoyou Lake.Carassius auratus,Protosalanx hyalocranius,Hypophthalmichthys nobilis,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Coilia nasus and H.molitrix were dominant species.The average index of Shannon Wiener diversity was 1.45.The index of Pielou evenness was 0.61.The index of Simpson dominance was 0.6,and the index of Margalef species richness was 1.91.Compared with the historical data,the diversity and richness of the fish community were significantly increased,but the community structure of fishes was disturbed seriously.Results of Cluster clustering and NMDS plan showed that these sites across the Gaoyou Lake shared similar diversity of the fish community,while significantly different from that of the northern estuary river,indicating that the richness of fish in the water-carrying lake,Gaoyou Lake,was higher than its conjoint river sections.Still,its fish diversity level was relatively low.

关 键 词：高邮湖 物种组成 群落结构 物种优势度 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]