全面停止天然林商业性采伐政策会影响林农生计资本吗?  

Will the Policy of Completely Stopping Commercial Logging of Natural Forests Affect the Livelihood Capital of Forestry Farmers?

作　　者：林静 廖文梅[1] 黄华金 王佳伟 LIN Jing;LIAO Wenmei;HUANG Huajin;WANG Jiawei(School of Economics and Management,Jiangxi Agriculture University,Nanchang 330045)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学经济管理学院,南昌330045

出　　处：《林业经济》2021年第10期5-20,共16页Forestry Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“乡村振兴进程中的农村经济转型的路径与规律研究”(编号:71934003);国家自然科学基金项目“需求行为、供给效率与新型林业社会化服务体系建构研究:主体异质性、供需匹配机理与制度设计”(编号:71873060);江西省“双千计划”哲学社会科学领军人才项目“天然林保护制度、资源禀赋差异与南方山区农户生计转型研究:影响机理、策略选择与路径设计”(编号:jxwq2019203005)。

摘　　要：改善农户生计是实现可持续发展的永恒议题,更是促进脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴高质量衔接的重要内容。文章基于英国国际发展部(DFID)提出的可持续生计分析框架,利用2015年和2019年江西省12个县468份林农调查数据,构建林农生计资本评价指标体系,采用熵权法及倾向得分匹配法研究全面停止天然林商业性采伐政策对不同类型林农生计资本水平变化的影响。经验性结果表明:(1)全面停伐政策对林农生计资本水平具有显著提升作用,即生计资本指数从2015年的0.141上升到2019年的0.269,林农总体生计资本水平显著提高16.2%左右,但整体仍处于较低水平,林农生计脆弱性较强。(2)全面停伐政策对林农五项生计资本的影响差异较大,其中对金融资本、物质资本及人力资本的正向影响最为显著,分别上升了13.3%、3.2%、0.2%,而自然资本水平下降0.5%。(3)全面停伐政策对林农生计资本的影响具有明显的异质性,即林业专业型、林业补充型及生计多样型林农的生计资本受政策推动的作用更加明显,总体上分别提升23%、3.1%、16.6%。其中,各类林农的金融资本及物质资本水平仍上升最快,且林业专业型林农的人力资本水平轻微上升0.2%。基于研究结论,文章提出针对不同生计脆弱性群体实施多样化生态补偿方式、聚焦提升林农人力资本及自然资本弥补可持续生计短板、积极引导不同类型林农采取多种就业方式实现生计转型优化等政策启示。Improving the livelihood of rural households is an eternal issue for sustainable development, and it is also an important part of promoting the high-quality connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.Based on DFID sustainable livelihoods analysis framework, using 468 copies of survey data of forestry farmers in 12 counties of Jiangxi Province in 2015 and 2019, this paper constructed evaluation index system of forestry farmers livelihood capital, combined with entropy weight method and propensity score matching method to study the impact of the policy of completely stopping commercial logging of natural forests on the change of livelihood capital level of different types of forestry farmers. The empirical results showed that:(1)The policy of completely stopping commercial logging of natural forests has a significant improvement effect on the livelihood capital level of forestry farmers, that is, the livelihood capital index of forestry farmers increased from 0.141 in 2015 to 0.269 in 2019, and the overall livelihood capital level of forestry farmers significantly increased by about 16.2%, but it was still at a relatively low level and the livelihood of forestry farmers is highly vulnerable.(2)The effects of the policy of completely stopping commercial logging of natural forests on the five livelihood capital of forestry farmers were significantly different, among which the positive effects of financial, physical and human capital were the most significant, which increased by 13.3%, 3.2% and 0.2% respectively, while the natural capital decreased by about 0.5%.(3)There is obvious heterogeneity in the impact of policy of completely stopping commercial logging of natural forests on the livelihood capital of forestry farmers, the livelihood capital of forestry farmers of professional type,supplementary type and diversified type was more significantly promoted by policy, which increased by 23%, 3.1%and 16.6% respectively. Among them, the financial and material capital level of all kinds of forestry

关 键 词：全面停伐政策 生计资本 兼业林农 熵权法 PSM方法 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] F326.27