以案为证:晚清宣讲小说的文体特征及成因  

“Taking Stories as Evidence”:Stylistic Features and Causes of the Preaching Novels in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：杨宗红[1] Yang Zonghong(College of Liberal Arts,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学文学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第6期93-104,共12页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目(18BZW093)。

摘　　要：“以案为证”是晚清宣讲小说的重要标志,它不仅凸显了小说的“以案释理”特色,还表明小说深受说理思维及明清圣谕说教、善书“案证”方法的深刻影响,以及时人对故事说理功效的认同。故事或日常生活事件是“案”,圣谕、神谕或传统伦理道德是其所“证”,“以案为证”的宣讲小说主旨明确且劝善性明显。“案证”在故事中的长度及在整部书中的比例直接影响了其所在文本的形态。将故事作为“案证”,虽导致“案证”类宣讲小说在情节及人物形象上不能与文人拟作的话本小说相媲美,但仍有可取之处。A large number of vernacular propaganda novels appeared in the late Qing Dynasty,characterized by“regarding telling stories as argumentation”.However,the academic circles have not paid enough attention to this kind of novels,and there is a lack of research on its style characteristics.In preaching novels,stories are supposed to be the“case”and“proof of the case”,and the sixteen edicts and the oracles or other“reasons”are regarded as their“viewpoints”,that is,talking stories become a process of argumentation.“Regarding telling the story as argumentation”is the major stylistic feature of preaching novels.The relationship between“stories”and“argumentation”implied in them is:“stories”are considered as methods and means,and“argumentation”is a process of proving their viewpoints,and both of them serve the contents they want to prove.As far as the style and form of the novel is concerned,the language,titles,preambles,and notes in the books indicate that the stories are“the argumentation of the novel”,and the existence of iconic words such as“proven by the story”and“from this story”in the text indicates the“argumentation”function of the story.The propaganda novels are also characterized by“other various literary genres in the text”.Among them,a large number of benevolent ballads and poems,the part of the“story”,are the important feature of the propaganda novels.In terms of their structure,“edicts(oracles)+story argumentation”is the general form,and its sub-pattern is“poetry+comment+story+comment”or“story+comment”.The process of“argumentation by stories”is:introducing the supporting story,and then the signal word“from this story”leads to a summary.It is very similar to the stylistic structure of“viewpoint+factual argumentation+induction and summary”characterized by the argumentative essay.This structure further shows the“proven”nature of the story and the logical structure of“story as evidence”of the whole novel.The early preac

关 键 词：晚清 宣讲小说 案证 文体特征 成因 

分 类 号：I207.41[文学—中国文学] K252[历史地理—历史学]