合理期待原则的二维功能及本土化路径  

Two Dimensional Functions and Indigenization Path of the Doctrine of Reasonable Expectations

作　　者：吴涵昱 Wu Hanyu(School of Law,China Jiliang University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学法学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第6期215-233,共19页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

摘　　要：合理期待原则作为美国保险法中保护被保险人利益的重要原则,共有两方面的功能:在抽象层面,该原则对被保险人的保护具有价值指引的功能;在具体规范层面,该原则具有对保险合同中的利益失衡进行司法矫正的功能。与我国现有规范相比,合理期待原则的价值指引功能更加直观、系统,在保护被保险人利益方面更具有倾向性;在司法矫正功能方面,合理期待原则与我国现有规范存在重合,但其矫正范围和尺度更为灵活。在本土化路径上,首先应借鉴其价值指引功能,将合理期待原则以基本原则的形式在我国保险法理论中予以确立,并从价值层面指引立法者和司法裁判者充分考虑被保险人的合理期待及引起被保险人合理期待的相关因素,以更好地体现被保险人中心主义。其次,应当进一步借鉴其司法矫正功能,在裁判说理的过程中将合理期待原则以法理阐释的方式融入对现有条文的说理解释,以实现个案的矫正纠偏。The doctrine of reasonable expectations, as an important doctrine for protecting the interests of the insured in the U. S. insurance law, has two functions. At the abstract level, the doctrine has a value-leading function for the protection of the insured. At the specific normative level, the doctrine has the function of judicial correction for the imbalance of interests in the insurance contract. Compared to the lex lata in China, the value-leading of the reasonable expectations doctrine is more intuitive and systematic. The doctrine provides a new perspective, guiding legislators and judges to pay comprehensive and systematic attention to the reasonable expectations of the insured, which tends to protect the interests of the insured. At judicial correction function, the doctrine of reasonable expectations is similar to lex lata in China in its corrective function in ambiguous terms and its corrective function in non-ambiguous terms to the contra proferentem rule, the insurer’s explanation obligation rule and the invalidity rules of standard clauses, respectively, but the former is more flexible in scope and scale. In respect of legal indigenization, on the one hand, the value-leading function of the doctrine should be referenced by way of formal inclusion as a fundamental principle in the Chinese insurance law theory. The reasons for this are twofold. First, the value-leading function of the reasonable expectations doctrine is consistent with the needs of the protection of the interests of the insured in the Chinese Insurance Law. Secondly, the protection of the insured’s reasonable expectations has a relatively broad legislative basis and judicial practice basis in China. The establishment of the doctrine of reasonable expectations can guide legislators and judicial judges to fully consider the reasonable expectations of the insured and relevant factors causing the reasonable expectations of the insured in the process of legislation and judgment, so as to better reflect the insured’s centralism in insura

关 键 词：合理期待原则 本土化 价值指引 司法矫正 

分 类 号：D912.28[政治法律—民商法学]