海洋社会的治理与转型——以岛屿港口城市三亚为例  

Governance and Transformation of Maritime Society:A Case Study of Sanya as Island Port City

作　　者：区缵 Ou Zuan

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《社会建设》2021年第6期61-75,共15页Social Construction

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国岭南传统村落保护与利用研究”(17ZDA165);中央民族大学“一流本科课程”建设项目(KC2002)。

摘　　要：自明清以来,渔业开发是海岛开发最重要的模式之一。在港口区域,渔业成为海岛社会的主要生计方式,"村港合一"的渔村共同体逐渐形成。从生计与栖居的角度,以产业转型与空间重构为线索,以岛屿港口城市村港关系变动中渔村共同体的建立、解体与重构为研究框架,探讨海洋社会的治理与转型。在政府的陆上定居化和基层组织化的政策支持和治理实践中,疍家人形成了"海陆两栖"的生活方式。很多岛屿港口区域经历岛屿城市化发展成为港口城市,疍家人的生活方式与新兴的经济方式从磨合状态发展到冲突状态。进入"村港分离"阶段,市场力量成为瓦解渔村共同体的外在因素,疍家人既要面对"船港分离",也要面对"家港分离"。港口渔村一度处于失序的过渡性状态,社会治理的问题在于没有充分考虑海洋族群与海洋生态的高度相互依存。要推动"村港一体化"的进程,实现岛屿港口城市的社会治理现代化,首先要形成跨区域、跨部门的整体治理型态,其次要推进以当地人为中心的海陆治理实践,最后治理实践要因地制宜,突出海洋的社会与文化特色。Fishery development has been one of the most important modes of island development since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.When fishery has become the main mode of production in the port area,the"village-port combination"fishing village community gradually emerged.From the perspective of livelihood and dwelling,this article takes industrial transformation and spatial reconstruction as the clue.It takes the establishment,disintegration,and reconstruction of the fishing village community in the changing"village-port"relationship of island port city as the research framework to discuss the maritime social governance and transformation.Relying on the government’s policy support and governance practice of land settlement and grassroots organization,the Tanka have formed a lifestyle of dwelling between sea and land.Many island port areas have experienced island urbanization and become port cities,and the Tanka’s lifestyle and emerging economic mode have developed from run-in state to conflict state.In the process of"village-port separation",the market forces have become the external factors that disintegrate a fishing village community,and the Tanka have to deal with both the separation of ship and port as well as the separation of home and port.The highly interdependent maritime ethnic group and marine ecology were not fully considered in maritime society governance,resulting in the once chaotic state of the community order.To promote the process of"village-port integration"and realize the modernization of maritime social governance in the island port cities,it is necessary to form a trans-regional and trans-departmental holistic governance pattern,promote the land-sea governance practice with local people as the center,and adapt to local conditions of the island and highlight the social and cultural characteristics of the ocean in the governance practice.

关 键 词：疍家社会 海洋社会治理 海陆两栖 村港一体化 

分 类 号：F127[经济管理—世界经济] D630[政治法律—政治学]