利用珍贵树种改造尾巨桉纯林的混交模式研究  

Transformation of Eucalyptus urophylla×Eucalyptus grandis Clone Plantation into Mixed-species Forest Using Precious Tree Species

作　　者：周芳萍 徐建民[1] 陆海飞 李光友[1] 范春节[1] 梁保智 张磊 ZHOU Fang-ping;XU Jian-min;LU Hai-fei;LI Guang-you;FAN Chun-jie;LIANG Bao-zhi;ZHANG Lei(Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Key Laboratory of Tropical Forestry,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Guangzhou 510520,Guangdong,China;Dongmen State-owned Forest Farm,Fusui 532108,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业科学研究所,热带林业研究国家林业和草原局重点实验室,广东广州510520 [2]广西国有东门林场,广西扶绥532108

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2022年第1期10-19,共10页Forest Research

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划“桉树高纤维纸浆材定向培育技术研究”项目(2016YFD0600503)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨尾巨桉纯林不同采伐强度下套种珍贵树种的混交林模式,分析套种后林分生长及林下植被多样性的变化趋势,旨在为尾巨桉纯林转型为桉-珍复层混交林的营林实践提供科学依据。[方法]采用裂区试验设计,应用珍贵树种对广西国有东门林场9年生尾巨桉人工纯林进行改造试验,以桉树(主区)和套种珍贵树种(副区,套种6个珍贵树种分别为:Ⅰ、红锥,Ⅱ、格木,Ⅲ、球果木莲,Ⅳ、交趾黄檀,Ⅴ、黑木相思,Ⅵ、土沉香)为小区,设置4个采伐处理:A、隔1行采伐1行套种(1桉1珍);B、隔2行采伐2行套种(2桉2珍);C、隔3行采伐2行套种(3桉2珍);D、隔2行采伐3行套种(2桉3珍);对照(CK)林分不做任何处理。于套种后3.5年生时对试验区内林木进行每木检尺,并按常规方法调查林下植被。[结果]不同混交模式的尾巨桉平均树高、胸径、单株材积显著增加,最高分别为27.63 m、21.89 cm和0.38 m^(3),较对照分别提高了16.98%、19.75%、80.95%。6个套种树种中,球果木莲的各项生长指标均表现最佳,其次为黑木相思和红锥。3桉2珍套种黑木相思的林分蓄积量最优,达244.87 m^(3)·hm^(−2),较对照高出3.65%。此外,2桉2珍套种红锥的林分草本层Simpson指数和3桉2珍套种红锥的林分草本层Shannon-winner指数分别为0.84、1.71,较对照分别高出25.40%、30.50%;而2桉2珍套种交趾黄檀的林分灌木层Simpson、Shannon-winner指数分别为0.80、1.61,比对照分别高出42.9%、71.27%。[结论]本研究应用珍贵树种改造尾巨桉纯林,形成桉-珍复层混交林,显著提高了尾巨桉的平均树高、胸径、单株材积,优化了林分结构,丰富了林分的物种多样性,改变了尾巨桉单一林相的景观,有助于提高尾巨桉人工林的生态效益和经济效益。研究结果为桉树中大径材培育、国家储备林经营等提供了科技支撑。[Objective]To discuss the mixed forest model of interplanting precious tree species under Eucalyptus urophylla×Eucalyptus grandis clone plantation with different cutting intensity and analyze the change trend of stand growth and understory vegetation diversity of mixed forest after interplanting,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the transformation of E.urophylla×E.grandis clone plantation into mixed forest of Eucalyptus and precious tree species.[Method]According to the split plot experimental design,the transformation experiment of 9-year-old E.urophylla×E.grandis clone plantation in State-owned Dongmen Forest Farm was carried out with precious tree species.Four cutting treatments were set in the main area:A:cutting 1 row every other row(1 E.urophylla×E.grandis+1 precious species trees;B:cutting 2 rows every other 2 rows(2 E.urophylla×E.grandis+2 precious species trees);C:cutting 2 rows every other 3 rows(3 E.urophylla×E.grandis+2 precious species trees);D:cutting 3 rows every other 2 rows(2 E.urophylla×E.grandis+3 precious species trees);six tree species were used for interplanting,i.e.Castanopsis hystrix Hook.f.&Thomson ex A.DC.,Erythrophleum fordii Oliv.,Manglietia conifera Dandy,Acacia melanoxylon R.Br.,Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness,and Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Spreng.,and the control plot without transformation was set up.Each tree in the test area was measured,and the understory vegetation was investigated according to the conventional method at the age of 3.5 years after interplanting.[Result]The average tree height,DBH and individual volume of E.urophylla×E.grandis increased significantly under different mixed forest models,with the highest values of 27.63 m,21.89 cm and 0.38 m^(3) respectively,which increased by 16.98%,19.75%and 80.96%compared with the CK.The growth indexes of C.hystrix were the best among the interplanting species,followed by Manglietia conifera and Acacia melanoxylon.The volume of E.urophylla×E.grandis plantation interplanting Acacia melanoxylon in 3 Eu

关 键 词：尾巨桉 珍贵树种 复层混交林 林分生长 林下植被 

分 类 号：S756[农业科学—森林经理学] S792.39[农业科学—林学]