儿童友好的街区中小学生放学空间与行为互动研究-以万柳片区和大栅栏片区为例  

Exploring Interactions Between After-School Space and Behaviors of Primary and Secondary School Students for Creating Child-Friendly Spaces in Blocks:A Case Study of Wanliu and Dashilar Blocks of Beijing

作　　者：毕波 杨婷婷 马春叶 王杉 BI Bo;YANG Tingting;MA Chunye;WANG Shan(School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University;the School of Architecture and Planning,Chongqing University;the School of Civil Engineering,Zhejiang University)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院 [2]重庆大学建筑规划学院 [3]浙江大学建筑工程学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2022年第2期119-126,共8页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目(编号20JYC013);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(编号52008024);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(编号BLX201812)。

摘　　要：针对大城市中小学周边空间与儿童步行放学活动关系紧张的问题,以北京代表性的新老街区万柳片区和大栅栏片区为例,利用GPS行为追踪与观察方法,调查中小学生放学过程中一般通行、游憩、社交、独处、购物行为的空间分布,归纳梳理放学路径和节点空间类型,分析放学行为与空间之间的关联性。研究发现:放学游憩行为更适宜在尺度宜人、安全、可视、趣味性强的老街区街巷和交叉口,以及宽敞、安全、可供度高的小广场及公交站旁发生;放学社交行为空间偏好不明显但发生频率较高、分布较广。通过全面、细致的案例比较分析,补充放学“空间–行为”互动研究,从而提出新老街区儿童友好更新策略:规划儿童路权优先的放学路径,重点保证新街区通行安全;通过安全性改造、可供要素植入等手段更新节点空间活力,增加放学游憩和社交机会。In view of the tensions between the walking needs of school children and deficient space surrounding schools in megacities,this research applies GPS tracking and field observation methods to examine the spatial distribution of after-school behaviors of primary and secondary school children,including their general passing,playing,social,staying alone and shopping behaviors,in Wanliu and Dashilar,two representative blocks in Beijing.By sorting out the after-school path and node space types,it analyzes the correlations between after-school behaviors and the space,and finds that the playing behaviors are more likely to take place in safe,visible,interesting old streets and intersections with pleasant scales,and spacious,safe,affordable small squares and bus stations.Despite the ambiguous spatial preference,the social behaviors after school occur frequently and spread widely.This comprehensive and detailed comparative case study,as a supplement to the study on after-school“space-behavior”interactions,contributes to proposing child-friendly renewal strategies for new and old blocks in Beijing:planning after-school routes for children and ensuring traffic safety in new blocks in particular;renovating various nodes with security and affordability considerations to increase the chances of after-school playing and social behaviors.

关 键 词：放学空间 放学行为 儿童友好城市 新老街区 城市更新 

分 类 号：TU984.14[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]