水肥调控措施对水稻养分吸收及稻谷产量的影响  

Effect of Water and Fertilizer Regulation Measures on Rice Nutrient Absorption and Rice Yield

作　　者：赵庆雷 马惠[1] 刘奇华[1] 信彩云[1] 孙召文 ZHAO Qinglei;MA Hui;LIU Qihua;XIN Caiyun;SUN Zhaowen(Institule of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science,Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rice,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院湿地农业与生态研究所/山东省水稻工程技术研究中心,济南250100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2022年第2期175-182,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GSF109078);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2021A34);山东省技术创新引导计划(鲁渝科技合作)(2020LYXZ003)。

摘　　要：为了明确秸秆还田条件下水肥调控措施对水稻养分吸收和稻谷产量的影响,采用大田试验和室内分析相结合的方法,研究秸秆还田后氮肥运筹和不同水层管理措施下水稻养分吸收、干物质积累及稻谷产量构成特征。结果表明,相同的水层管理条件下水稻吸氮量随基施氮肥量的提高先增大后减小,以基施氮肥量为40%时水稻吸氮量最高;氮肥施用比例对水稻磷、钾吸收无显著影响。相同的氮肥施用比例下,插秧后适时晾田显著提高水稻对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收量,以泡田后15 d晾田的效果最好。相同的水层管理措施下水稻干物质积累量随基施氮肥量的提高呈先增大后减小趋势,基施氮肥量为40%时水稻干物质积累量最高;相同的氮肥施用比例下,泡田后15 d晾田显著提高了水稻干物质的积累量。相同的水层管理措施下,水稻有效穗数随基施氮肥量的提高而增大,穗粒数、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数和稻谷产量随基施氮肥量的增大而提高,至基施氮肥量为40%时最高,随后减小;相同的氮肥施用比例下,泡田后15 d晾田使稻谷产量各构成指标更加协调合理:显著提高水稻有效穗数、穗粒数、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数和稻谷产量,同时降低了水稻结实率和千粒质量。因此,黄淮稻麦轮作区秸秆还田后最佳的氮肥施用方法为氮肥分基肥、返青肥、分蘖肥和穗肥4次施用,施肥量为施N 276 kg·hm^(-2),施用比例为4.0∶1.8∶2.1∶2.1;最佳的水层管理措施为泡田后15 d晾田。In order to clarify the effect of water and fertilizer regulation measures on rice nutrient absorption and rice yield under the condition of returning straw to the field,a combination of field experiments with laboratory analysis was conducted to study the nutrient absorption of rice,dry matter accumulation and rice yield composition characteristics under the nitrogen fertilizer operation and different water layer management measures after straw was returned to the field.The results showed that under the same water layer management condition,the amount of nitrogen uptake by rice increased first and then decreased with the increase in the amount of basal nitrogen fertilizer.When the amount of basal nitrogen fertilizer was 40%of the total nitrogen application,the amount of nitrogen uptake by rice was the highest.The ratio of nitrogen fertilizer application had no significant effect on rice phosphorus and potassium absorption.Under the same nitrogen fertilizer application ratio,rice field drying at the right time significantly increased the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrients by rice after transplanting,and the effect of 15 days’field drying was the best after field wetting.Under the same water layer management measures,the dry matter accumulation of rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of basal nitrogen fertilizer.When the basal nitrogen fertilizer was 40%of the total nitrogen application,the dry matter accumulation of rice was the highest;under the same nitrogen fertilizer ratio,15 days’s field drying significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of rice after the field wetting.Under the same water layer management measures,the effective panicle number of rice increased with the increase of basal nitrogen fertilizer,and the number of panicle grains,the number of primary branches,the number of secondary branches and rice yield increased with the increase of basal nitrogen fertilizer,the maximum amount of basal nitrogen fertilizer was 40%,and then it decreased.Und

关 键 词：秸秆还田 氮肥运筹 晾田 干物质积累 稻谷产量 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]