中国教育服务贸易竞争力及发展路径分析  

Analysis on the Competitiveness and Development Path of China’s Educational Service Trade

作　　者：王海慧 Wang Haihui

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学投资经济系

出　　处：《全球化》2022年第1期116-125,136,共11页Globalization

摘　　要：自加入WTO以来,中国教育服务贸易取得了突出成就,然而教育服务贸易逆差巨大,进出口发展不平衡。本文将中国教育服务贸易在不同供应模式下的竞争力与世界主要教育服务贸易大国做了对比分析。从国际竞争力指数上看,中国教育服务出口在总体上和不同供应模式下均缺乏竞争力,但在跨境交付方式上正在积累竞争力。尽管发展教育服务贸易受到国内外不同因素的制约,但是凭借庞大的教育体系,在数字经济上的优势,以及良好的经济发展预期,中国教育服务贸易未来有着广阔前景。发展教育服务贸易应对营利性教育和公益性教育加以区分,以营利性教育为发展重点。具体措施包括:提高教育服务的数字化水平;将来华留学逐步转向市场化;同步推进国外优质教育资源“引进来”和中国教育服务“走出去”;建设“一带一路”学术劳动力市场。Since China’s accession to the WTO,China’s education service trade has made outstanding achievements.However,the education service trade has a huge deficit and the development of imports and exports is unbalanced.This article compares and analyzes the competitiveness of China’s education service trade and the world’s major education service trade countriesunder different supply modes.From the perspective of the international competitiveness index,China’s education service exports lack competitiveness in general and under different supply modes,but they are accumulating competitiveness in cross-border delivery methods.Although the development of education service trade is restricted by different factors interiorly and abroad,with the huge education system,advantages in the digital economy,and good economic development expectations,China’s education service trade has broad prospects in the future.The development of education service trade should distinguish between for-profit education and public welfare education,and focus on for-profit education.Specific measures include:improving the digital level of education services;in the future,studying abroad in China will gradually turn to mercerization;simultaneously promote the“bringing in”of high-quality foreign educational resources and the“going out”of Chinese educational services;build“the Belt and Road”academic labor market.

关 键 词：教育服务 服务贸易 贸易竞争力 供应模式 服务贸易壁垒 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]