植物体细胞无性系的变异与检测  

The Plant Somaclonal Variation and Detection

作　　者：刘琦 王仁才[1] 王然 LIU Qi;WANG Rencai;WANG Ran(College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China;College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University/Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants,Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]青岛农业大学园艺学院/青岛市园艺植物遗传改良与育种重点实验室,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第1期8-18,共11页Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000102)。

摘　　要：体细胞无性系变异是指在植物组织培养过程中,培养的细胞或植株产生遗传物质变异或表观遗传水平上发生的变异。这种变异为突变体选择和育种提供了可能,但不利于保持无性系繁殖后代的一致性。外植体类型、培养条件、植株再生方式及诱变剂存在等均可导致无性系的变异。因此,从体细胞无性系变异的类型、影响变异发生的因素及变异的检测方法等方面综述了近年来的研究进展,阐述了体细胞无性系变异在农业育种中的应用,以期为变异规律的研究和突变体的利用提供参考。Somaclonal variation refers to the genetic material variation or the variation that occurs at the epigenetic level in the cultured cells or plants during the process of plant tissue culture.This variation provides the possibility for mutant selection and breeding,but it is not conducive to maintaining the consistency of the offspring of clonal reproduction.The types of explants,culture conditions,plantlet regeneration methods and the presence of mutagens can all lead to the mutation of clones.Therefore,this article summarizes the recent research progress from the types of somatic clonal mutations,the factors that affect the occurrence of mutations and the detection methods of mutations.The application of somatic clone mutation in agricultural breeding is briefly described in order to provide reference for the study of mutation law and the utilization of mutants.

关 键 词：组织培养 体细胞无性系变异 变异类型 检测 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]