区域环保督察的功能定位及制度完善  

Regional Environmental Protection Inspection

作　　者：竺效[1,2] 邱涛韬 Zhu Xiao;Qiu Taotao

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]中国人民大学环境学院

出　　处：《治理研究》2022年第1期26-37,125,共13页Governance Studies

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届五中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大项目“完善中央生态环境保护督察制度研究”(编号:21ZDA088)。

摘　　要：跨区域环境治理需要地方政府间的密切协作,同时也离不开具有更高权威的主体的介入。作为我国的跨区域环境保护管理机构,环保督察局应当在跨区域环境治理中发挥积极的作用。然而,由于功能缺位,长期以来区域环保督察机构在跨区域环境治理方面所能发挥的作用非常有限。解决这一问题的关键在于明确我国区域环保督察机构在跨区域环境治理中的功能定位。基于我国的生态环境治理实践,通过对“污染影响跨区域”和“污染源跨区域”两大类我国目前主要的跨区域环境问题进行分析可知,区域环保督察机构应当担任“监督者”而非“管理者”的角色。充分借鉴中央环保督察的制度框架,区域环保督察机构应当通过构建跨区域环境问题的信息和线索收集机制、督促整改机制和问责启动机制实现对地方政府涉跨区域环境问题执法的有效监督,从而发挥区域环保督察机构的跨区域环境治理功能。Cross-regional environmental governance requires close cooperation between local governments and the intervention of higher authority.As China's cross-regional environmental institution,the inspection bureau should play an active role in cross-regional environmental governance.For a long time,its limited role in cross-regional environmental governance was due to its lack of functional authority.Solving this problem requires clarifying the function orientation of regional environmental inspection institutions..This study analyzed the“cross-regional pollution impact”and the“cross-regional pollution sources”of two major cross-regional environmental problems in China.This paper argues that a regional environmental inspection institution should be a“supervisor”rather than a“manager”.If it used the central environmental inspection system's framework to its fullest extent,a regional environmental inspection institution could realize effective supervision of local governments'environmental enforcement on cross-regional environmental issues.To play an active role,it would also have to construct mechanisms for information and evidence collection,for supervision and rectification,and for accountability initiation.

关 键 词：区域环保督察制度 跨区域环境治理 污染影响跨区域 污染源跨区域 中央环保督察 

分 类 号：D630.9[政治法律—政治学]