不同树龄同心圆枣营养器官解剖结构与其抗旱性的关系  

Relationship between Anatomical Structure of Vegetative Organs and Drought Resistance of Different Tree Ages of Zizyphus jujube cv.“Tongxinyuanzao”

作　　者：程昊 赵宏亮 李永华[2] 黄占明 倪细炉 Cheng Hao;Zhao Hongliang;Li Yonghua;Huang Zhanming;Ni Xilu(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Ningxia Yinchuan 750021;State Key Laboratory of Seedling Bionengineering,Ningxia Forestry Institute,Ningxia Yinchuan 750004;Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China,Ningxia University,Ningxia Yinchuan 750021;Ningxia Helan Mountain Forest Ecosystem Research Station,State Forestry Administration,Ningxia Yinchuan 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏林业研究院种苗生物工程国家重点实验室,宁夏银川750004 [3]宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,宁夏银川750021 [4]宁夏贺兰山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《南方农机》2022年第4期5-14,17,共11页

基　　金：宁夏重点研发项目(2020BFG03006,2018BFG02015);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03107)。

摘　　要：为探讨同心圆枣适应干旱环境的解剖结构特征,分析不同年限枣树营养器官解剖结构与抗旱性的关系,采用石蜡切片和光学显微技术,对同心圆枣两年生、十年生和百年老树的解剖结构进行观察比较和相关参数的测定。结果表明:同心圆枣根的横切面内侧1~2层扁平状细胞排列紧密,栓内层细胞扁平排列紧密,初生韧皮部位于外面,韧皮部中分布有大量的黏液细胞;同心圆枣茎的表皮由一层长方形细胞组成,排列整齐而紧密,皮层由10~12层薄壁细胞组成,表皮内第1~5层细胞排列紧密,且分布有大量的黏液细胞,木质部的宽度占茎横切面半径的41.1%,髓部较发达,其总面积约占茎横切面总面积的33.4%;同心圆枣叶片为等面叶,无海绵组织的分化,叶厚约150μm,叶两面无毛,表皮细胞约34μm,气孔较小且分布密集,叶肉由5~6层栅栏组织薄壁细胞组成,栅栏组织厚度约124.3μm,占叶片厚度的73.5%,主脉中的薄壁组织分布有黏液细胞围绕维管束排列。隶属函数分析结果表明不同年龄的同心圆枣的抗旱性顺序为:百年老树>十年生树>两年生树;对有显著差异性(P<0.05)的10种指标用灰色关联度进行综合分析,结果表明茎直径(X_(5))、叶主脉直径(X_(10))、根半径(X_(2))、木质部宽(X_(1))和叶片栅栏组织厚度(X_(9))等为同心圆枣抗旱解剖结构的主要鉴定指标。综合分析表明:同心圆枣解剖结构具有良好的抗旱性,并且年龄大的抗旱性相对更强,且同心圆枣通过忍耐性适应干旱环境,是其能够适应宁夏中部干旱带恶劣生境的重要原因之一。In order to explore the anatomical structure characteristics of“Tongxinyuanzao”adapting to arid environment and analyze the relationship between the anatomical structure of vegetative organs and drought resistance of jujube trees in different years,the anatomical structures of two,ten and hundred-year-old“Tongxinyuanzao”trees were observed and compared and the related parameters were determined by paraffin section and optical microscopy.The results showed that 1-2 layers of flat cells on the inner side of the cross section of the root of“Tongxinyuanzao”were closely arranged,the cells on the inner layer of the suppository were flat and closely arranged,the primary phloem was located outside,and a large number of mucus cells were distributed in the phloem;The epidermis of the“Tongxinyuanzao”stem is composed of a layer of rectangular cells,which are arranged neatly and closely.The cortex is composed of 10-12 layers of parenchyma cells,and the cells in the first to fifth layers of the epidermis are closely arranged,and a large number of mucous cells are distributed.The width of xylem accounts for 41.1% of the radius of the cross section of the stem,and the pith is relatively developed,and its total area accounts for 33.4% of the total area of the cross section of the stem;The leaves of“Tongxinyuanzao”are equal-faced leaves,without the differentiation of sponge tissue,and the leaf thickness is about 150μm.The two sides of the leaves are hairless.The epidermal cells are about 34μm.The stomata are small and densely distributed.The mesophyll is composed of 5-6 layers of palisade tissue parenchyma cells.The thickness of the palisade tissue is about 124.3μm,accounting for 73.5%of the leaf thickness.The parenchyma in the main vein is distributed with mucous cells arranged around the vascular bundle.The results of membership function analysis showed that the order of drought resistance of“Tongxinyuanzao”at different ages was:hundred-year-old trees>ten-year trees>two-year trees.The 10 indexes with s

关 键 词：不同树龄 同心圆枣 解剖结构 抗旱性 综合评价 

分 类 号：Q944.5[生物学—植物学]