水电资源特性及价格机制与实施途径分析  

Characteristics,price system and implementation of hydropower resources

作　　者：王妍月 WANG Yan-yue(North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450045,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学,郑州450045

出　　处：《广西水利水电》2022年第1期108-110,114,共4页Guangxi Water Resources & Hydropower Engineering

摘　　要：从客观自然特性、技术经济特性和社会环境特性等3个维度分析水电资源及其开发的特征。在此基础上,分析了现行水电电价存在的问题,提出了水电电价制定的原则。提出了未来水电电价定价方法应采用长期边际机会成本定价方法,结合水电资源多维特性分析,同时要考虑水电开发的资源成本(体现客观自然特性)、工程成本(体现技术经济特性)、社会环境成本(体现社会环境特性),还要分析水电开发的边际生产成本、边际使用者成本、边际外部成本。考虑水电电价形成机制是一个长期过程,实施要与现行电价机制相衔接,水电电价形成机制途径分为三个各有其特色的阶段:近期,主要还是实施一部制电价机制,注意与现行电价机制衔接;中期,扩大两部制电价的实行范围,合理制定水电上网电价结构;远期,大力推行峰谷电价和丰枯电价,合理设计分时电价机制。An introduction was made on the objective natural characteristics,technical and economic characteristics,social environmental characteristics and development characteristics of hydropower resources,based on which the author analyzed the existing problem of current hydropower price,put forward the principles of hydropower tariff for⁃mulation.It is proposed the long-term marginal opportunity cost pricing method should be adopted in the future for hydropower pricing combined with multiple characteristics of hydropower resources,while taking into account the resource cost of hydropower development reflecting the objective natural characteristics,the construction cost re⁃flecting the technical and economic characteristics,the social environmental cost reflecting the social environmental characteristics.The marginal production cost,marginal user cost and marginal external cost of hydropower develop⁃ment should be analyzed also.The hydropower pricing system is a long-term process.The implementation of elec⁃tricity pricing system should linked up with the current electricity price mechanism.The hydropower price forma⁃tion process should be divided into three stages.In the near future,it is mainly to implement the one-part electricity price mechanism and pay attention to the link with the current electricity price mechanism.In the medium term,it is to expand the implementation scope of two-part electricity price and reasonably formulate the structure of hydro⁃power on-grid electricity price.In the long term,it is to vigorously promote peak and valley electricity prices as well as flood-and dry-season electricity prices,and reasonably design the time-of-use electricity price mechanism.

关 键 词：水电资源特性 电价 长期边际机会成本 一部制电价 两部制电价 分时电价 

分 类 号：F426.61[经济管理—产业经济]