医务人员血源性职业暴露危害及因素分析  

Analysis of Hazards and Factors of Blood-borne Occupational Exposure of Medical Staff

作　　者：夏园园 郑璐璐 胡欣 林丽肖 XIA Yuan-yuan;ZHENG Lu-lu;HU Xin;LIN Li-xiao(The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of WMU)

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学附属第二医院

出　　处：《医院管理论坛》2021年第12期27-29,共3页Hospital Management Forum

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金,编号:LY15H060009。

摘　　要：目的通过对医务人员血源性职业暴露情况进行分析,探讨相关危险因素及预防措施。方法以浙江某医院2018年3月-2021年3月发生血源性职业暴露的307例医务人员为调查对象,进行血源性职业暴露危险因素的统计分析。结果发生血源性职业暴露的医务人员中,年龄≤30岁者占75.9%,工作年限≤5年者占68.7%,护士+实习护士占72.6%;医务人员血源性职业暴露源占比最大的是乙肝病毒,为49.5%,其次是丙型肝炎病毒和艾滋病病毒,分别占30.6%、19.9%。暴露因素主要是操作不当、针头反弹和高危动作,分别占32.9%、28.7%和20.8%。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、工作年限、人员类别、暴露环节、暴露方式、暴露部位是医务人员血源性职业暴露的危险因素(p<0.05);多因素Logistic分析结果显示,年龄≤30岁、工作年限≤5年、护士、拔针注射、手或手臂、针刺伤是医务人员血源性职业暴露的高危影响因素。结论根据医务人员血源性职业暴露特点,如低年资、手或手臂针刺伤等,针对性地制定相应防控措施,对降低血源性职业暴露、防止职业危害有积极意义。Objective To analyze related risk factors and preventive measures by analyzing the blood-borne occupational exposure of medical staff.Methods 307 medical staff who had blood-borne occupational exposure from March 2018 to March 2021 in a hospital in Zhejiang Province were selected as the survey objects to conduct a statistical analysis of the risk factors of blood-borne occupational exposure.Results Among the medical staff with blood-borne occupational exposures,75.9%were those aged≤30 years old,68.7%were working years≤5 years,and nurses+trainee nurses accounted for 72.6%.Medical staff had the largest proportion of blood-borne occupational exposure sources.Hepatitis B virus accounted for 49.5%,followed by hepatitis C virus and HIV,which accounted for 30.6%and 19.9%,respectively.The main exposure factors were improper operation,needle rebound and high-risk actions,which accounted for 32.9%,28.7%,and 20.8%,respectively.The results of single factor analysis showed that age,working years,personnel category,exposure link,exposure method,and exposure location were the risk factors for blood-borne occupational exposure of medical staff(p<0.05).The results of multivariate logistic analysis showed that age≤30 years old,working years≤5 years,nurses,needle removal and injection,hand or arm,needle stick injuries were high-risk influencing factors of blood-borne occupational exposure of medical staff.Conclusion According to the characteristics of blood-borne occupational exposure of medical staff,such as low seniority,hand or arm needle stick injury,etc.,the corresponding prevention and control measures are meaningful to reduce blood-borne occupational exposure and prevent occupational hazards.

关 键 词：医务人员 血源性 职业暴露 防控措施 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]