湘北双季稻区种植翻压紫云英的氮肥减施效应  

Nitrogen reduction effects in double rice by planting and returning Chinese milk vetch to the field in Northern Hunan Province

作　　者：王慧 周国朋 常单娜 高嵩涓 刘蕊 廖育林[4] 鲁艳红[4] 曾闹华[1] 聂军[4] 曹卫东[1] WANG Hui;ZHOU Guo-peng;CHANG Dan-na;GAO Song-juan;LIU Rui;LIAO Yu-lin;LU Yan-hong;ZENG Nao-hua;NIE Jun;CAO Wei-dong(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210095,China;Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science/College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [3]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [4]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第1期33-44,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(绿肥,CARS-22);中国农业科学院科技创新工程。

摘　　要：【目的】评价双季稻区冬闲田种植翻压紫云英模式下减施不同量氮肥对水稻产量和土壤理化性状的影响,为湘北稻区双季稻减肥增效提供理论依据。【方法】定位试验始于2009年,设置不施肥(CK),常规施肥(N100),种植翻压紫云英配合早稻及晚稻均减施常规量氮肥的0%、20%、40%、60%(MvN100、MvN80、MvN60、MvN40),以及单独种植利用紫云英(Mv)处理,共7个处理。测定各处理水稻产量、氮磷钾吸收量、土壤理化性质及6种碳氮磷循环相关水解酶(α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-纤维二糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-木糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶和碱性磷酸酶)活性。【结果】与N100处理相比,种植利用紫云英有明显的增产和节肥效果,其中,MvN100处理全年稻谷增产10.2%,MvN40处理全年稻谷不减产。在早稻季,种植利用紫云英条件下减施氮肥,在保证土壤全氮稳定的前提下显著提高了水稻地上部氮吸收量和利用效率。与N100比较,紫云英配合氮肥减施常规量的0~60%,水稻地上部氮吸收量显著增加16.6%~43.4%,同时氮肥利用率提高8.4%~37.8%。单独紫云英处理的早晚稻土壤碳、氮、磷循环相关水解酶活性最高,与N100处理相比,MvN80和MvN60处理下α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-纤维二糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和β-木糖苷酶活性显著提高。相关性分析结果表明,土壤有效磷、速效钾含量与水稻产量显著相关,聚合增强树分析(ABT)进一步证实土壤有效磷对早晚稻产量贡献率最大,分别是30.4%和50.2%。【结论】连续10年的试验充分证明,在种植翻压紫云英条件下,早稻季减施常规量氮肥60%、晚稻季减施常规量氮肥40%,可提高水稻氮、磷、钾养分吸收量和土壤酶活性,可满足水稻正常生产。供试土壤丰富的有效磷和速效钾含量是减施氮肥确保水稻产量的重要因素。【Objectives】To evaluate the effects of reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield and soil properties under the mode of planting and returning Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.,CMV)to the field in the following rice season.The study aims to provide a theoretical basis for environmentally friendly and efficient double-cropping rice production in Northern Hunan Province.【Methods】The long-term experiment,early rice–late rice–CMV rotation,started in 2009.There were 7 treatments,including no fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization(N100),fertilization combined with N reduction at 0,20%,40%,and 60%(MvN100,MvN80,MvN60,MvN40)of conventional N rate and CMV alone(Mv).Rice yield,N,P,and K absorption,soil physicochemical properties and six hydrolase activities related to C,N,and P cycle(α-glucosidase,β-cellobiosidase,β-glucosidase,β-xylosidase,L-leucine aminopeptidase,alkaline phosphomnoesterase)were determined.【Results】Compared with the N100,all the Mvs increased yield and saved fertilizer,with the highest yield increase recorded in MvN100(10.2%in the whole year).In the early rice season,planting and returning CMV(P<0.05)improved the N absorption and utilization efficiency of rice to ensure the stability of soil total N.Compared with N100,CMV combined with 0-60%less N fertilizer increased N uptake by 16.6%-43.4%and N use efficiency by 8.4%-37.8%.The hydrolases activities related to C,N,and P cycling were the highest under Mv treatments in the whole year.Compared with N100,MvN80 and MvN60(P<0.05)increasedα-glucosidase,β-cellobiosidase,β-glucosidase,andβ-xylosidase activity.The results of correlation analysis showed that available soil P and K(P<0.05)correlate with rice yield.Aggregation enhancement tree analysis(ABT)further confirmed that the contribution rate of available soil P to early and late rice yield was 30.4%and 50.2%,respectively.【Conclusions】The 10-years field experiment proved that planting and turnover of CMV could replace 60%N fertilizer in early rice and 40%

关 键 词：紫云英 减氮 双季稻 土壤肥力 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]