菌丝营养钵栽培对烤烟根系生长的影响  

Effects of mycelium-straw bowl on the rhizospheric condition and root growth of flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：艾栋 刘青丽[1] 常乃杰 闫芳芳 边立丽 李斌 李志宏[1] 冯文强 张宗锦 陈曦 张文洪 郑敏瑞 彭志立 张云贵[1] AI Dong;LIU Qing-li;CHANG Nai-jie;YAN Fang-fang;BIAN Li-li;LI Bin;LI Zhi-hong;FENG Wen-qiang;ZHANG Zong-jin;CHEN Xi;ZHANG Wen-hong;ZHENG Min-rui;PENG Zhi-li;ZHANG Yun-gui(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Sichuan Tobacco Companies Panzhihua City Company,Panzhihua,Sichuan 617026,China;Sichuan Tobacco Company of CNTC,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China;Shenzhen Zeqingyuan Technology Development Service Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen,Guangzhou 518000,China;Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China Tobacco Corporation,Zhengzhou,Henan 450001,China;College of Tobacco Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]四川烟草公司攀枝花市公司,四川攀枝花617026 [3]中国烟草总公司四川省公司,四川成都610041 [4]深圳市泽青源科技开发服务有限公司,广东深圳518000 [5]中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院,河南郑州450001 [6]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2022年第1期181-190,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：中国烟草总公司四川省公司科技项目(SCYC201910,SCYC202005)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对攀枝花烟区烤烟移栽伸根期干旱、烟苗发育迟缓等问题,研究菌丝营养钵对烤烟根区微生态水肥环境和烟苗生长的影响。【方法】将玉米秸秆切碎后隧道式微波灭菌,利用灰管层孔菌(Fomes lignosus)的速生、菌丝扭结力强、快速腐解纤维素等特点,通过菌丝缠绕玉米秸秆制作成自然降解的圆锥型杯状烟苗移栽营养钵。将菌丝营养钵置于尼龙网袋中原位填埋,采用失重法计算菌丝营养钵腐解率,通过一级动力学模型拟合营养钵腐解特征参数。田间试验设两个栽培方式处理:(1)菌丝营养钵移栽方式(MF),以6片真叶烟苗带基质移植在菌丝营养钵中再埋入土壤;(2)常规移栽方式(CF),6片真叶烟苗直接栽入土壤。在烤烟全生育期测定根区土壤温湿度及电导率、根系形态和根系生物量,采用反距离权重法计算根区温湿度及电导率特征,Logistic模型拟合根系生物量累积关键参数。【结果】菌丝营养钵移栽(MF)相对常规移栽(CF)而言,移栽当天和移栽后10天的土壤湿度分别降低了6.2%和5.7%,移栽后20天和30天的土壤湿度分别提高了2.0%和3.5%。第1次降水过程中,菌丝营养钵移栽后第20天的土壤电导率较栽后第10天下降了251.3μS/cm;第2次降水过程中,菌丝营养钵移栽后第50天的土壤电导率较栽后第40天下降了487.2μS/cm。第3次降水过程中,移栽后第120天的土壤电导率较移栽后第60天提高了35.0μS/cm。菌丝营养钵移栽的烟株根系表面积、体积和根尖数较常规移栽分别提高了27.5%、55.7%和36.4%;其中直径≥2.0mm的根长度和直径≤1.0mm根的根尖数高于常规移栽。菌丝营养钵处理烤烟根系生物量快速累积初始时间、终止时间和最大累积速率出现时间比常规移栽分别提前3.9、9.9和6.9天,累积持续时间比常规移栽缩短6天,生物量最大累积速率比常规移栽提高33.3%,并且移栽后第60、75和90天的根系生物【Objectives】In the quest for an antidote for the problems of drought and growth retardation during the root extension period of flue-cured tobacco in Panzhihua area,the effects of mycelium-straw bowl on the micro-ecological environment and growth of flue-cured tobacco root were studied.【Methods】Corn stover were shredded,sterilized and shaped into a centrum first,then inoculated with Fomes lignosus,when the hyphaet wined throughout the centrum,sterilized again and ready as mycelium-straw bowl.The mycelium-straw bowls were placed in nylon bags and buried in soil in situ,the decomposition rate of mycelium-straw bowl was calculated by weight loss method,and the first-order kinetic model was used to fit its decay characteristic parameters.In the field experiment,there was two transplanting methods,namely,(1)mycelium-straw bowl transplanting method(MF),6-true-leaves tobacco seedlings with substrate were transplanted into mycelium-straw bowl as experimental treatment(MF),and (2)conventional transplanting method,6-true-leaves tobacco seedlings was transplanted in soil(CF).Soil temperature and humidity,electrical conductivity(EC),root morphology and root biomass were measured during the whole growth period of flue-cured tobacco.【Results】Compared with CF,MF reduced soil moisture by 6.2%and 5.7%on the day and 10 days after transplanting,and raised soil moisture by 2.0%and 3.5%on the 20 days and 30 days after transplanting.At the first rainfall,20 days after transplanting MF decreased soil EC by 251.3μS/cm compared with 10 days after transplanting.At the second rainfall,50 days after transplanting MF decreased soil EC by 487.2μS/cm compared with 40 days after transplanting;at the third rainfall(120 days after transplanting),MF increased EC by 35.0μS/cm compared with 60 days after planting.The root surface area,volume and root tip number of MF were significantly higher than those of CF,which were increased by 27.5%,55.7%and 36.4%,respectively.The length of root(diameter>2.0 mm)and the tip number of root(diamete

关 键 词：菌丝营养钵 根系形态 根区 烤烟 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]