基于DUS测试分析华北春谷品种选育基本性状的选择趋势  

Analysis on Relative Preferences of Fundamental Traits of Spring Millet Varieties in North China Based on DUS Testing

作　　者：纪军建 霍阿红 寇淑君 王瑶 左振兴 杨德智 付国庆 Ji Junjian;Huo Ahong;Kou Shujun;Wang Yao;Zuo Zhenxing;Yang Dezhi;Fu Guoqing(Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhangjiakou Sub-Center for New Plant Variety Tests,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhangjiakou 075000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]张家口市农业科学院/农业农村部植物新品种测试张家口分中心,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《作物杂志》2022年第1期88-95,共8页Crops

基　　金：农业农村部物种品种资源保护项目(1120162130135396015)。

摘　　要：为分析华北春谷育种性状的选择趋势,及促进华北春谷的育种发展,结合目测性状和测量性状及其相关性对华北2016-2019年77个申请品种保护和登记的春谷品种进行性状观测。按照农业农村部发布实施的《植物新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南谷子》要求进行田间种植和性状数据采集。统计发现,幼苗期叶片颜色和叶鞘颜色为绿色的分别占92.21%和85.71%;71.43%的品种叶姿表现为半上冲;89.61%穗颈姿态为勾型。51.95%的品种抽穗期较晚;68.83%的品种倒2叶长集中在中到长和长;倒2叶宽为中等宽的占79.22%;茎秆长为中到长和茎秆粗为中到粗的分别占70.13%和89.61%;87.01%的品种成穗茎数为少到中;63.64%的品种单穗重为高重。结果表明,华北地区优良春谷品种主要性状表现为幼苗叶片绿色,颖果颜色中等黄色,叶片较上冲,穗颈中等弯曲,茎秆长130~170cm,茎秆粗7.0~10.0mm,倒2叶长45~60cm,倒2叶宽2.5~3.5cm,穗长20~30cm,穗粗20~30mm,单穗重18~25g,千粒重约3.0g。In order to analyze the trait selection trend of spring-sown millet breeding in North China and further promote the development of spring-sown millet breeding in North China,77 spring-sown millet varieties had applied for variety protection and registration in North China in 2016-2019 were observed combined with visual traits and measuring traits and their correlations.Field planting method and trait data collection were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness,Uniformity and Stability-foxtail Millet[Setaria italica(L.)Beauv].promulgated and implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.Data statistics showed that the varieties with the green leaf and green leaf sheath at seedling stage accounted for 92.21%and 85.71%,respectively.Plant leaf posture of 71.43%varieties was semi-upward;panicle neck posture of 89.61%varieties was hook shape.The heading stage of 51.95%varieties was late.The the top second leaf lengths of 68.83%varieties were concentrated in medium to long and long;the inverted 2nd leaf width of 79.22%varieties was medium;the stem length and diameter of 70.13%and 89.61%varieties were long and medium.The number of panicles of 87.01%varieties was less to medium;single spike weight of 63.64%varieties was high.The results showed that,the main traits of excellent spring-sown foxtail millet varieties in North China were that seedling leaves were green,caryopsis was medium yellow,the leaf was upward,the panicle neck was moderately curved,the stem length was about 130-170 cm and the stem width was 7.0-10.0 mm,the top 2nd leaf length was 45-60 cm and the width was 2.5-3.5 cm,the panicle length was 20-30 cm,panicle diameter was 20-30 mm,the single panicle weight was 18-25 g,and the 1000-grain weight was about 3.0 g.

关 键 词：春谷 DUS测试 基本性状 育种 性状选择趋势 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]