农村分散式污水处理设施潜在致病细菌分布特征  

Characterization of the potential pathogenic bacteria distribution in rural decentralized wastewater treatment facilities

作　　者：詹俊 李现瑾 韩云平[1,2] 徐素 郭雪松 ZHAN Jun;LI Xianjin;HAN Yunping;XU Su;GUO Xuesong(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;CRRC SHANDONG Co.Ltd,Jinan 250022,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中车山东机车车辆有限公司,济南250022

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2021年第12期3924-3933,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(52091545);环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室(中国科学院生态环境研究中心)专项基金(20Z01ESPCR)。

摘　　要：污水是病原微生物传播的重要介质之一。目前我国大多数农村地区生活污水经生化处理后,极少进行消毒就直接排放至自然水体,这是否会造成农村地区污水中病原微生物的传播尚不明确。为此,以未开消毒设施的一体化污水净化槽为研究对象,在其稳定运行阶段,分析了不同处理单元、尤其是出水中细菌种群及潜在致病性细菌种类的特征。结果表明,与进水相比,净化槽各单元均包含一定量的潜在致病细菌,尤其是出水中,检出了20种潜在致病细菌,以Flavobacterium、Pseudomonas等为主。其中部分潜在致病菌随着污水处理流程其丰度呈现上升趋势。例如,Aeromonas、Klebsiella、Arcobacter和Bacteroides在进水中几乎未检出,其相对丰度分别为0%、0%、0.01%和0.21%,但其在出水中检出的相对丰度则为1.26%、0.70%、0.24%和2.63%。以上研究结果初步表明,在农村地区生活污水生物处理设施各工段中,均存在一定的潜在致病性微生物;尤其值得注意的是,在不进行消毒的状态下,出水中也包含多种潜在致病性微生物,其排放对周边环境及人体健康可能存在一定影响。本研究结果可为后续村镇小型污水处理设施的健康风险评估提供参考。Wastewater is considered as one of the important transmission media of pathogenic microorganisms.At present,most domestic wastewater in rural areas of China is discharged directly to natural water after biochemical treatment with rare disinfection,and it is not clear whether this causes the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms in wastewater in rural areas.In this study,the characteristics of bacterial populations and potentially pathogenic bacterial species in different treatment units,especially in effluent,were analyzed at the stable operation stage of integrated Johkasou without running disinfection facility.The results showed that compared with the influent,each unit of the Johkasou contained a certain amount of potential pathogenic bacteria.Especially in the effluent,20 species of potential pathogenic bacteria were detected,mainly were Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas.The relative contents of some potential pathogens showed an increasing trend along the wastewater treatment process.For example,Aeromonas,Klebsiella,Arcobacter and Bacteroides were almost not detected in the influent,and their relative abundances were 0%,0%,0.01%and 0.21%,respectively,but their relative abundances detected in the effluent were 1.26%,0.70%,0.24%and 2.63%,respectively.The preliminary results of this study show that there are certain potential pathogenic microorganisms in all sections of domestic wastewater biological treatment facilities in rural areas.And it is especially noteworthy that the effluent also contained a variety of potential pathogenic microorganisms without disinfection,and its discharge may have certain effects on the surrounding environment and human health.The results of this study will provide a basis for the health risk assessment of subsequent small-scale wastewater treatment facilities in rural areas.

关 键 词：农村地区 生活污水 一体化污水净化槽 潜在致病细菌 分布特征 

分 类 号：X503.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]