基于风洞平台实验的大型罐区溢油事故后的油气扩散模拟  

Numerical simulation of oil vapor diffusion after oil spill accident in large-scale tank farm based on wind tunnel platform

作　　者：许雪 陈风 黄维秋[1] 张高 娄井杰 鄢永兵 刘海 孙媛 XU Xue;CHEN Feng;HUANG Weiqiu;ZHANG Gao;LOU Jingjie;YAN Yongbing;LIU Hai;SUN Yuan(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation Technology,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,China;Changzhou First Hydrocarbon Environmental Protection SCI-TECH Co.LTD,Changzhou 213164,China;Tianjin Zhongde Engineering Design Co.LTD,Tianjin 300170,China)

机构地区：[1]常州大学,江苏省油气储运技术重点实验室,常州213164 [2]常州一烃环保科技有限公司,常州213164 [3]天津中德工程设计有限公司,天津300170

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2021年第12期3946-3956,共11页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51574044);江苏省科技支撑项目(BE2018065)。

摘　　要：通过研究江苏省境内某实体罐区发生溢油事故后油气蒸发的扩散规律,掌握罐区空气浓度的变化,以达到保障罐区环保与安全的目的。基于风洞平台实验,测定油气蒸发速率并通过实验风场数据验证数值模型的准确性,建立与实际油库1∶1的大型罐区模型,使用UDF编译环境风方程导入。通过CFD数值模拟,重点分析了罐区发生溢油事故后油气扩散规律、储罐间的油气积聚现象、风速对油气扩散及油气质量分数的影响。结果表明:在风速影响下,罐间会形成涡流,导致油气的积聚,形成危险区域;防火堤对油气扩散存在阻滞作用,而背风侧会使油气聚集;风速越小,油气扩散越慢,油气质量分数越高;风速越大,油品的蒸发速率越大,油气扩散越快,油气质量分数越小。本研究成果可为罐区设计、油库运行及安全环保管理提供参考。Study on the law of oil vapor evaporation and diffusion after oil spill accident in tank farm is of great significance for ensuring the safety and environmental protection of tank farm.Based on the wind tunnel test platform,the evaporation rate of oil vapor was measured,and the accuracy of the numerical model was verified by the experimental wind field data.A large-scale tank farm model was established with a ratio of 1∶1 to the actual oil depot,and the environmental wind equation was compiled by UDF to import the numerical simulation.Through CFD numerical simulation,the pattern of oil vapor diffusion after the oil spill accident in tank farm,the oil vapor accumulation between tanks,and the influence of wind speed on the diffusion and concentration of oil vapor,were emphatically analyzed.The results showed that with the influence of wind speed,the vortex between tanks would lead to the accumulation of oil vapor,which was prone to form a dangerous area.The fire dike had a blocking effect on oil vapor diffusion,while the leeward side would cause oil vapor accumulation.The lower the wind speed,the slower the oil vapor diffusion and the higher the oil vapor concentration would be;the higher the wind speed,the greater the evaporation rate of oil and the faster the diffusion of oil vapor would be.The research results are of reference value for tank farm design,oil depot operation and safety and environmental protection management.

关 键 词：大型罐区 泄漏扩散 风洞 油气质量分数 数值模拟 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]