贫营养中药废水处理系统稳定性析因  

Cause analysis of the stability of a Chinese medicine wastewater treatment system with deficient nutrition

作　　者：张宏星 段文焱 陈芳媛 ZHANG Hongxing;DUAN Wenyan;CHEN Fangyuan(Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control of Yunnan Province,Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南省土壤固碳与污染控制重点实验室,昆明650500

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2021年第12期4038-4048,共11页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41763016);昆明理工大学分析测试基金资助项目(2020M20192207080)。

摘　　要：云南某制药厂生产废水有机物浓度高、氮磷含量低(贫营养),但废水处理系统长期运行稳定,且处理效果好,COD和BOD的去除率均能达到90%以上。为揭示该贫营养污水处理系统长期高效稳定运行原因,分别从工艺运行和微生物学角度对该系统进行了全面分析。结果表明,该系统厌氧和好氧段氮磷含量低,TN、TP的质量浓度分别为9.68 mg·L^(−1)、1.17 mg·L^(−1)和6.18 mg·L^(−1)、0.25 mg·L^(−1);该系统好氧池和厌氧池中均发现了以降解有机物为主的优势菌属,好氧池比厌氧池具有更高的微生物丰富度和多样性。好氧池中主要菌属为Amaricoccus、Methylibium、Reyranella和Plasticicumulans4种。其中,丰度最高的Amaricoccus占比为8.03%,该菌属能在氮、磷营养受限的环境中增殖。厌氧池中的优势菌属为Geobacter、Paludibacter、Leptolinea和Syntrophomonas。其中,占比2.49%的Leptolinea为贫营养菌属。贫营养环境条件对微生物群落的生长施加了选择压,促进了贫营养菌的优势增长。这些优势菌在废水处理系统降解污染物的各个阶段分工合作,保障了该系统的稳定运行和良好的处理效果。The wastewater discharged from a pharmaceutical factory in Yunnan Province is characterized by high organic concentration and extremely low nitrogen and phosphorus content(deficient nutrition).However,the wastewater treatment system has stably run for the long-term with over 90%of COD and BOD removal.In order to elucidate the mechanisms behind,a comprehensive investigation of the system was conducted from both the operational and microbiological aspects.The results showed that the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the anaerobic and aerobic phases were very low,and the corresponding TN and TP concentrations were 9.68 mg·L^(−1),1.17 mg·L^(−1) and 6.18 mg·L^(−1),0.25 mg·L^(−1),respectively.The microbial colonies in the aerobic phase presented a higher richness and diversity than those in the anaerobic phase,and the dominant genera in both phases were highly efficient organics-degrading ones.In aerobic phases,the dominant bacteria were Amaricoccus,Methylibium,Reyranella and Plasticicumulans,of which Amaricoccus was the most abundant genus with 8.03%of richness,and could grow in nitrogen and phosphorus deficient environment.In anaerobic phases,the dominant bacteria were Geobacter,Paludibacter,Leptolinea and Syntrophomonas,of which Leptolinea was a type of nutrient-deficiency tolerant species with 2.49%of richness.The nutrient-deficient wastewater environment exerted selective pressure for the microbial colonies,and promoted the dominance of low nutrient demanding bacteria.These dominant bacteria cooperated at each stages of the system to degrade pollutants,which guaranteed high removal efficiency and long-term stability of the system.

关 键 词：污水生物处理 贫营养 中药废水 微生物群落 稳定性 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]