人类可遗传基因组编辑的伦理和法律治理  

Human Heritable Genome Editing:Ethic,Law and Governance

作　　者：贾平 JIA Ping

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学伦理学与道德建设中心 [2]华中科技大学生命伦理学研究中心

出　　处：《经贸法律评论》2022年第1期54-70,共17页Business and Economic Law Review

基　　金：2019年度司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“人类胚胎基因编辑立法研究”(项目批准号:19SFB2035)。

摘　　要：人类可遗传基因组编辑(HHGE)引发一系列伦理挑战和法律问题。HHGE的研究,以及未来可能的应用和推广,使得参与决策者面临一系列的道德两难和伦理困境。相应地,在进行相关问题的政策制定、监管和立法时,必须对HHGE涉及的道德和伦理问题进行充分的考虑和评估。除了HHGE是否可以应用的问题,还要考虑在科技不断进步的背景下,HHGE在未来操作潜在失败可能带来的风险,以及HHGE的成功应用可能对个人、社会和整个人类带来的影响。全球立法例显示,多数国家现阶段对HHGE持否定或限制态度,我国应建立起公正合理的敏捷治理架构,从而增强相关政策、监管和立法在社会中适用的正当性和适应性,并积极推动全球相关伦理和法律治理体系的完善。Human Heritable Genome Editing(HHGE)has triggered a series of ethical challenges and legal issues.Its research,possible future application and promotion will put decision makers into moral dilemmas.Accordingly,we must make fully ethical consideration and assessment of social and ethical issues involved in HHGE related policy-making,regulation and legislation process.Except the debate on whether HHGE should be used or applied,it is also necessary to consider the possible risks of potential failure of HHGE application in the future under the background of continuous technological advancement,and the possible impact of the successful application of HHGE on individuals,society and the entire mankind.Global legislation research shows that most countries hold a negative or restrictive attitude towards HHGE at this stage.China should establish a fair and reasonable agile governance structure to enhance the legitimacy and adaptability of relevant policies,regulations and legislation in society,actively promote the improvement of relevant global ethical and legal governance system.

关 键 词：人类可遗传基因组编辑 伦理治理 伦理审查 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] Q78[政治法律—法学]