气吹梳刷组合式葡萄藤防寒土清除机研制  

Development of grapevine cold-proof soil clearing machine with a combination type of air-blowing and comb-brush

作　　者：牛丛 曾鉴 徐丽明[1] 马帅 闫成功 赵诗建 Niu Cong;Zeng Jian;Xu Liming;Ma Shuai;Yan Chenggong;Zhao Shijian(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing,100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京市100083

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2022年第1期47-54,共8页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：财政部与农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-29)。

摘　　要：针对中国北方葡萄春季清土作业中存在的刚性清土部件易损伤葡萄藤、作业效率低等问题,设计一种气吹梳刷组合式葡萄藤防寒土清除机,由机架、清土刷总成、高压风机总成和传动机构等组成。清土刷与高压气流联合清除贴近葡萄藤的土壤,有效减少葡萄藤的损伤。分析确定清土刷总成为双层结构,高压风机选用稳赫8-09型,出风口为圆柱形万向球铰结构,出风口方位调节装置可实现出风口在三维空间内角度和高度的调节。分析确定影响高压气流喷射方向即出风口方位的3个参数,包括出风口中轴线沿z轴的投影与x轴的夹角α、出风口中轴线沿x轴的投影与z轴的夹角β以及出风口前端在土垄侧边的对应点H。结合前期研究基础,加工样机并以清土合格率作为评价指标,采用拟水平法设计试验对出风口方位进行优化。对试验结果进行方差分析可知决定出风口方位的3个参数由大到小依次为α、β、H,较优参数组合为:α为30°,β为60°,H为中点,此时清土合格率为89.3%。根据优化结果调整出风口方位,进行整机作业性能测试试验,得到平均清土合格率为91.3%,作业过程中基本不损伤葡萄藤,作业效率为人工作业效率的50倍,清土效果好,满足作业要求。研究结果可为北方葡萄清土作业提出新的发展思路,为后续葡萄清土机械的研究提供参考。The main grape-producing areas in foreign countries have a warm and humid climate all year round,which is suitable for grape growth.Different from foreign countries,the winter climate in the grape cultivation areas of northern China is cold,dry,and windy,which causes freezing damage to grapevines.Therefore,it is necessary to take measures to prevent cold on the grapevine to make the grapevines safe overwinter.Buried soil is commonly used in winter in northern China.It is necessary to take measures to clear the cold-proof soil in spring.The mechanization degree of this operation is not high,and the soil clearing operation is based on manual work.It brings great problems,such as manual operation labor intensity and low efficiency.While there are mechanical soil clearing machines,the working parts are mostly rigid and can easily damage the grapevines.It is urgently needed to study effective soil clearing machines.Aiming at the problems existing in the spring soil cleaning of grapes in north China,this paper designed a kind of grapevine cold-proof soil clearing machine with a combination type of air-blowing and comb-brush based on the sandy soil characteristics of vineyards in north China.The machine is composed of the frame,soil clearing brush assembly,high-pressure fan assembly,and driving mechanism.It used the soil clearing brush and high-pressure fan to realize flexible soil clearing operation.The analysis of this study determined that the soil clearing brush became a double-layer structure.The high-pressure fan was selected from the Wen He 8-09 type.The air outlet was a cylindrical universal ball-hinged structure.The air outlet orientation adjustment device could realize the adjustment of the angle and height of the air outlet in the three-dimensional space.Also,this paper determined three parameters that affect the direction of the high-pressure air jet direction,which are the orientation of the air outlet,including angleαbetween the projection of the central axis of the air outlet along the z axis and the x a

关 键 词：葡萄藤 清土 气吹 梳刷 拟水平法 

分 类 号：S224.9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]