武陵山脉东段华南虎重引入的种群生存力分析  

Population Viability Analysis on Reintroduction of South China Tiger(Panthera tigris amoyensis)at East Wuling Mountain Range

作　　者：田书荣 王明旭 姜广顺[3] 李立 康祖杰 黄太福 桂小杰 TIAN Shurong;WANG Mingxu;JIANG Guangshun;LI Li;KANG Zhujie;HUANG Taifu;GUI Xiaojie(Forestry Academy of Hunan Province,Changsha,410004,China;Forestry Department of Hunan Province,Changsha,410004,China;China Feline Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;Administration of Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve,Changde,415319,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院,长沙410004 [2]湖南省林业局,长沙410004 [3]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,国家林业和草原局猫科动物研究中心,哈尔滨150040 [4]湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区管理局,常德415319

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2022年第1期5-16,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：湖南省林业局科技创新项目(XLK202102)。

摘　　要：华南虎(Panthera tigris amoyensis)为中国特有虎亚种,近40年在野外未见踪迹,亟待实施野外放归和野生种群重建生态工程。应用种群生存力分析漩涡模型,对拟重建的华南虎野生种群动态进行分析,对影响未来种群动态的主要因子,包括初始种群、最小存活种群和环境容纳量参数等,进行了敏感性分析。模拟分析结果表明:在自然状态、无个体补充的情形下,壶瓶山—后河国家级自然保护区华南虎野外放归备选地环境容纳量为22只,未来100年内,野生华南虎种群存活概率为0.85,内禀增长率为0.1871,周限增长率为1.2058,净生殖率为3.2273,雌性世代更替时间为6.26年,雄性世代更替时间为7.40年,最小存活种群数量为12只。研究结果表明,栖息地质量和有效栖息地空间是该区域影响华南虎野生种群动态的关键因子。修复栖息地,提高猎物密度,增强生态承载力,是确保华南虎野外放归并重建野生种群的重要技术策略。研究结果为制定华南虎野外放归行动方案提供技术支撑。The South China tiger is an endemic subspecies of China and is extinct in the wild.Reintroduction is considered to be a necessary step in re-establishing its wild population.A population viability analysis using the Vortex model was carried out to simulate its population dynamics.And the effects of key factors influencing population dynamics were assessed based on sensitivity analysis which included initial population size,minimum viable population,and carrying capacity.The results indicated a population survival probability of 0.85 in the next 100 years with a carrying capacity of 22 individuals in Hupingshan and Houhe National Nature Reserve,under no harvesting and no population supplementation conditions.The analysis results indicated that the population would grow at an innate rate of 0.1871,or an instantaneous rate of increase at 1.2058,or a net reproduction rate of 3.2273,with an average generation time of 6.26 and 7.40 years for the females and males respectively,and a minimum viable population size of 12.The sensitivity analysis showed that habitat quality and effective habitat size would be key factors influencing the population dynamics at East Wuling Mountain Range.Habitat restoration,increase in prey density,as well as carrying capacity enhancement are important strategies to ensure a successful reintroduction of the South China tiger.This study provided guidance on reintroduction planning.

关 键 词：华南虎 重引入 种群生存力分析 最小存活种群 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]