马来穿山甲和中华穿山甲鳞片编码系统及鳞片差异性  

Coding System and Comparisons of Scales Between Malayan Pangolin(Manis javanica)and Chinese Pangolin(M.pentadactyla)

作　　者：郭策[1,2] 逯金瑶 李思源 姜宇泽 梁春芳 华彦 李波 李立[3] 唐松元 徐艳春 GUO Ce;LU Jinyao;LI Siyuan;JIANG Yuze;LIANG Chunfang;HUA Yan;LI Bo;LI Li;TANG Songyuan;XU Yanchun(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China;National Forestry and Grassland Administration Research Center of Engineering Technologies for Wildlife Conservation and Utilization,Harbin,150040,China;Biodiversity Conservation Center of Hunan Province,Changsha,410116,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation,Protection and Utilization,Guangdong Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou,510520,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]国家林业和草原局野生动物保护与利用工程技术研究中心,哈尔滨150040 [3]湖南省生物多样性保护中心,长沙410116 [4]广东省林业科学研究院,广东省森林培育与保护利用重点实验室,广州510520

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2022年第1期24-31,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2572017PZ02)。

摘　　要：鳞片是研究穿山甲(Manis spp.)的生物学特性和种类、个体鉴定的重要材料,鳞片的形态在穿山甲身体上具有渐变性,只有同部位才具有可比性,因此,开展相关工作需要首先确定鳞片所处的身体部位,为此建立了马来穿山甲(M.javanica)和中华穿山甲(M.pentadactyla)全身鳞片(头部除外)的编码系统,并对其鳞片位置及数量进行比较分析。该编码系统对穿山甲颈部、躯干、四肢、尾部的每一枚鳞片均进行编码,每枚鳞片在坐标系中都有固定的位置。通过这一系统,可以便捷地统计各个部位鳞片的数量,比较部位之间、个体之间、物种之间鳞片数量和对应鳞片相对位置的差异。利用鳞片分布热图揭示出,全身鳞片总数、躯干部鳞片行数、尾缘鳞单侧鳞片数、四肢鳞片数等均具有显著的种内变异和种间差异(P<0.001)。此外,马来穿山甲尾腹部鳞片颜色比尾背部颜色浅,中华穿山甲尾腹部鳞片与尾背部鳞片颜色一致;马来穿山甲前肢最后一纵列鳞片逆向生长,与前一纵列的鳞片成“人”字状拱起。这些特征可作为鉴别马来穿山甲和中华穿山甲的重要依据。Scales are important materials for studying the biological characteristics and identification of species and individual of pangolins.The morphology of scales changes gradually along body regions,and only scales from the same body region can be reliably compared morphologically.Therefore,the original body region of scales need to be determined prior to carrying out morphological studies.However,there is not yet reliable method to determine scale origin up to date.In this study,a coding system of scales was established with reference of Malayan pangolins(Manis javanica)and Chinese pangolins(M.pentadactyla)using a coordinate system,in which each of the scales on the body(except the head scales)is encoded with two coordinates by location on the body.Through this system,the number of scales on body parts can be easily counted,so that the differences in scale number and locations can be compared among different body parts,individuals and species.In this study,we used heat map of scale distribution derived from the coding system to visualize the significant intraspecific and interspecific variations of the total number of scales on the body,the trunk,tail margins,four extremities(P<0.001).In addition,the color of scales on the ventral tail of Malayan pangolin is lighter than that on the dorsal tail,while the color of scales on the ventral tail of Chinese pangolin is the same as that on the dorsal tail.In addition to the coding system,we also observed that the last column scales on the forelimb grow in a reverse direction,which makes an arch with previous column scales in Malayan pangolin but not in Chinese pangolin.These characteristics can be used to distinguish the two species.

关 键 词：穿山甲 鳞片 编码系统 

分 类 号：Q954[生物学—动物学]