圈养熊猴等级结构及其对笼舍区域的利用率  

Study on the Hierarchical Structure and Cage Area Utilization Efficiency of Macaca assamensis

作　　者：潘昌滨 木仁 彭买买 PAN Changbin;MU Ren;PENG Maimai(Moutai Institute,Renhuai,564500,China;Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities,Duyun,558000,China)

机构地区：[1]茅台学院,仁怀564500 [2]黔南民族师范学院,都匀558000

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2022年第1期70-79,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑〔2017〕2853);黔南民族师范学院科研创新基金重大专项计划项目(博士基金)(QNSY2018BS011)。

摘　　要：为了解动物园笼养条件下熊猴(Macaca assamensis)种群社会等级结构及其对笼舍空间的利用情况,于2017年4月—2018年1月,采用瞬时扫描法记录都匀市西山动物园5只熊猴(青年1、青年2、青年♀1、成年1以及成年♀1)行为。结果显示:(1)攻击—屈服行为矩阵表明,青年1发出攻击行为最多(295次),青年2发出屈服行为最多(74次),该熊猴群体等级顺位从高到低依次是成年1、成年♀1、青年♀1、青年1和青年2。(2)熊猴对笼舍5个区域利用率从高到低依次是丰容区(C区)、笼底区(D区)、前笼区(E区)、休息区(B区)和高空区(A区)。(3)雌性或雄性个体对笼舍各区的利用率趋势相似,但利用率差异显著(P<0.05);A区、B区、C区和E区在不同性别间的利用率组间差异显著(P<0.05)。(4)成年或青年熊猴对笼舍不同区域的利用率差异显著(P<0.05),同时二者对笼舍同区域的利用率也有显著差异(P<0.05)。(5)熊猴对笼舍不同区域组间利用率存在显著的季节差异(P<0.05);对B区、C区和D区的利用率在4个季节中组间差异显著(P<0.05)。(6)晴天或阴天熊猴均对笼舍不同区域的利用率差异显著(P<0.05),但同区域中,晴天和阴天对利用率无显著影响。研究表明,熊猴的等级结构具有亲代高于子代、雄性高于雌性、子代年龄大的个体等级高的特点;该熊猴群青年1和青年2的攻击、屈服次数多,说明雄性子代到青年期应该适时分群饲养;熊猴对笼舍不同区域的利用率除了受丰容、天气和季节等影响外,还与其社会等级顺位高低有关。In order to understand the social hierarchical structure and the cage area utilization of captive Macaca assamensis,the instantaneous scanning method was used to observe five individuals(adult male 1,adult female 1,young female 1,young male 1,young male 2)in the Xishan Zoo of Duyun City from April 2017 to January 2018.The results show that:(1)In the aggressive-submissive behavior matrix,young male 1 was most aggressive(295 records of attacks)and young male 2 was most submissive(74 records of showing submissive behavior),and the rank order followed as such:adult male 1>adult female 1>young female 1>young male 1>young male 2.(2)The utilization efficiency of the five cage areas followed as such:C(enrichment area)>D(cage bottom area)>E(visit area)>B(sleeping area)>A(ceiling area).(3)The utilization rate for both male and female M.assamensis show a similar pattern across all the five cage areas,but it differed significantly among cage areas for both genders(P<0.05);and there was significant difference in the utilization rate of area A,B,C and E between males and females(P<0.05).(4)There was significant difference in the utilization rate amongall the five cage areas for both adult and young M.assamensis(P<0.05),and the utilization rate also differed between adult and young individuals(P<0.05).(5)The utilization rate differed among seasons(P<0.05).In particular,in cage areas B,C and D,seasonality induced significant difference in the utilization rate(P<0.05).(6)There was significant difference in the utilization rate between sunny and cloudy days(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in the utilization rate for any particular cage area.Hierarchical structure of M.assamensis was that the parents ranked higher than the offspring,the males ranked higher than the females,the older siblings ranked higher than the young siblings.The occurrence frequency of aggressive and submissive behaviors in young male 2 and young male 3 were very high,indicating that the young male offspring should be raised in a separate group.

关 键 词：熊猴 等级结构 区域利用率 圈养 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]