冬季限食对树麻雀能量代谢的影响及其生理适应  

The Effect of Food Restriction on Energy Metabolism of Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus)in Winter

作　　者：刘佳人 徐兴军[1,2] 王有祥 林美含 邵淑丽 LIU Jiaren;XU Xingjun;WANG Youxiang;LIN Meihan;SHAO Shuli(Qiqihar University School of Life Sciences and Agriculture and Forestry,Qiqihar,161006,China;Genetic Engineering and Winter Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province,Qiqihar,161006,China;School Park Chang Rushan,Rushan,264599,China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔大学生命科学与农林学院,齐齐哈尔161006 [2]抗性基因工程与寒地生物多样性保护黑龙江省重点实验室,齐齐哈尔161006 [3]乳山畅园学校,乳山264599

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2022年第1期85-92,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目(YSTSXK201882);齐齐哈尔大学研究生创新科研项目(YJSCX2019046);黑龙江省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202010232066)。

摘　　要：为探讨冬季食物相对缺乏的条件下树麻雀(Passer montanus)的能量预算对策,将野外捕获的树麻雀按体重随机分为对照组、半饥饿驯化组、1/4饥饿驯化组,驯化4周,对其体重和器官重、基础代谢率等生理指标,以及肠绒毛肠道组织进行测定。结果表明:试验组体重、基础代谢率、消化能、消化率、体脂质量分数与对照组相比,组间差异极显著(P<0.01);试验组各器官的鲜重较对照组极显著降低(P<0.01);试验组树麻雀肝脏中的淀粉酶活性较对照组极显著增高(P<0.01),胰腺、大肠、小肠、十二指肠、直肠、肌胃和腺胃中的淀粉酶活性较对照组降低;试验组的肝糖原和肌糖原质量分数较对照组极显著降低(P<0.01),大肠、小肠和直肠长度较对照组极显著增高(P<0.01),十二指肠长度较对照组增加不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明,冬季在限食条件下,树麻雀通过降低基础代谢率,增加消化道长度,加快肝糖原和肌糖原的分解及增加消化能来补偿能量消耗等一系列生理生化反应,以适应饥饿寒冷的环境。In order to explore the energy budget strategy of the tree sparrow(Passer montanus)under food limitation condition in winter,wild captured tree sparrows were randomly separated into a control group,a half-starved domestication group,and 1/4 starvation group based upon their body mass,and then they were domesticated for four weeks.Physiological indicators such as body weight,organ weight,basal metabolic rate,and intestinal villi were measured.The results showed that body mass,BMR,digestible energy,digestibility,and body fat mass fractionof the experimental groups were significantly different from those of the control group(P<0.01).The fresh mass of each organ in the experimental groups were significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01).The amylase activity in the liver of the tree sparrow in the experimental groups were significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01),but the amylase in the pancreas,large intestine,small intestine,duodenum,rectum,gizzard,and glandular stomach was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01).Compared with the control group,liver glycogen and muscle glycogen in the experimental groups were significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.01).The length of the large intestine,small intestine,and rectum was significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.01),but the duodenum length was not significantly increased compared with the control group(P>0.05).Under dietary restriction conditions,P.montanus would trigger a series of physiological and biochemical reactions.In particular,P.montanus would decrease basal metabolic rate,increase the length of the digestive tract,improve digestion rate,speed up the liver glycogen and muscle glycogen decomposition,and increase the digestion to compensate the energy consumption and to be adaptive to the dietary restriction environment.

关 键 词：树麻雀 冬季 限食 能量代谢 生理适应 

分 类 号：Q955[生物学—动物学]