云南泸沽湖省级自然保护区越冬水鸟群落组成及相关性分析  

Composition and Correlation Analysis of Overwintering Waterfowl Community in Lugu Lake Provincial Nature Reserve,Yunnan Province

作　　者：贺佳飞 肖剑平 曹明 向青松 李连翔 李旭[2] HE Jiafei;XIAO Jianping;CAO Ming;XIANG Qingsong;LI Lianxiang;LI Xu(Yunnan Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming,650224,China;Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan,Faculty of Biodiversity Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,650224,China;Yunnan Yichen Judicial Expertise Center,Kunming,650217,China;Yunnan Lugu Lake Nature Reserve Administration,Lijiang,674309,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省林业和草原局,昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院,云南省高校极小种群野生动物保育重点实验室,昆明650224 [3]云南忆尘司法鉴定中心,昆明650217 [4]云南泸沽湖省级保护区管理局,丽江674309

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2022年第1期110-120,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860603);云南省教育厅自然科学基金项目(2018Y116);云南省重点学科野生动植物保护与利用项目(XKZ200904);云南省林学一流学科建设项目(51600625)。

摘　　要：2016年9月—2019年3月,采用样点法在水鸟的南迁期(8—10月)、越冬期(11月—次年1月)、北迁期(2—3月)对云南省泸沽湖省级自然保护区迁徙水鸟进行监测。共记录水鸟7目10科38种,其中有国家二级重点保护野生鸟类3种、云南省省级重点保护野生鸟类1种。研究期内,保护区内越冬水鸟优势种累计记录10种,分别为赤麻鸭(Tadorna ferruginea)、绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)、赤颈鸭(Mareca penelope)、罗纹鸭(M.falcata)、赤膀鸭(M.strepera)、赤嘴潜鸭(Netta rufina)、凤头潜鸭(Aythya fuligula)、红头潜鸭(A.ferina)、白骨顶(Fulica atra)和红嘴鸥(Chroicocephalus ridibundus)。2016—2019年月变化中,水鸟数量峰值都出现在越冬期,最大数量为14296只;水鸟物种数峰值亦都出现于越冬期,共记录物种数38种。对8种雁形目(Anseriformes)优势种数量随时间变化的种间相关性检验的结果显示,8种雁形目中有14对为显著正相关,其中10对为极显著正相关。种间吸引作用可能是影响该区域迁徙季节越冬水鸟群落组成的重要原因,而该区域特殊地理位置和水鸟群落构成可能是造成当地水鸟迁徙前后高峰数量巨大差异的主要因素。基于保护区水鸟迁徙动态和相关性分析结果,白骨顶、赤膀鸭和渔鸥(Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus)鸟类可作为泸沽湖省级自然保护区的监测对象,其中,白骨顶可作为迁徙鸟类到达泸沽湖的指示种,渔鸥可作为迁徙鸟类迁出泸沽湖的指示种。From September 2016 to March 2019,point based sampling approach was used to monitor the migratory waterfowl in the Lugu Lake Provincial Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province during the southward migration period(August to October),the overwintering period(November to January of the next year)and the northward migration period(February to March).A total of 38 species,10 families and seven orders of waterfowl were recorded,including three bird species that are under national secondary key protection and one bird species that are under provincial key protection in Yunnan Province.During the study period,there were 10 dominant species of overwintering waterfowl in the reserve,including Tadorna ferruginea,Anas platyrhynchos,Mareca Penelope,M.falcata,M.strepera,Netta rufina,Aythya fuligula,A.ferina,Fulica atra and Chrococephalus ridibundus.Based upon monthly observations from 2016 to 2019,the population of waterfowl peaked in the overwintering period,with the maximum number of 14,296;the total number of waterfowl species also peaked in the overwintering period,with a total of 38 species recorded.Of the eight species of Anseriformes,the results of interspecific correlation analysis of the number of dominant species varying with time showed that 14 pairs of eight species of geese were significantly and positively correlated,of which 10 pairs were extremely significant positive correlation.Interspecific attraction might be an important reason for affecting the composition of overwintering waterfowl community in the migration season of this region,and the special geographical location and composition of waterfowl community in this region may be the causes for the peak number of local waterfowl before and after migration.Based on the migration dynamics and correlation analysis of waterfowl in the reserve,bird species of F.atra,Mareca strepera and Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus can be used as the monitoring species of Lugu Lake Provincial Nature Reserve.Among them,Fulica atra can be used as the indicator species for migratory birds to

关 键 词：泸沽湖 越冬水鸟 群落组成 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]