水力喷射外旋式钻进喷头关键参数及成孔效果试验研究  

Experimental study of key parameters and hole forming effect of hydraulic jet external rotary drilling nozzle

作　　者：巴全斌 刘延保 何立鹏[3] 申凯 熊伟 赵旭生 BA Quanbin;LIU Yanbao;HE Lipeng;SHEN Kai;XIONG Wei;ZHAO Xusheng(China Coal Technology Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute Limitted Company,Chongqing 400037,China;State Key Laboratory of the Gas Disaster Detecting,Preventing and Emergency Controlling,Chongqing 400037,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司,重庆400037 [2]瓦斯灾害监控与应急技术国家重点实验室,重庆400037 [3]重庆大学煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室,重庆400044

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2021年第6期1087-1095,共9页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51774319);企业科技创新创业资金专项项目(2019-TD-QN038,2019-TD-MS017);企业自立创新引导项目(2018ZDXM05)。

摘　　要：煤矿井下小曲率径向钻孔是一种新型瓦斯抽采水力化增产技术,是实现精准智能化高效抽采的重要途径之一,其中射流喷头的结构和成孔效果是该技术的关键和难点.为了满足高效钻进和成孔规则的要求,文章系统分析了外旋式喷头的结构参数、水力参数和射流参数对破岩成孔效果的影响规律.通过破岩钻进试验,获得了外旋式射流喷头喷嘴数量、喷嘴偏转角、射流压力和射流喷距等关键参数对破岩成孔效果的影响规律;得到了喷嘴不同张角的破岩特性,即随着喷嘴张角增大破岩孔深逐渐减小,孔径逐渐增大,其中喷嘴张角为30°时破岩体积最大;基于外旋式射流的旋转特性,设计了多喷嘴移轴倾斜圆周型布置方式,确定出最优空间布置参数为正向喷嘴数为3个,喷嘴张角分别为20°,30°和50°,喷嘴间距分别为2和5 mm.同时,开展了多种岩性的钻进试验,钻孔断面均呈规则圆形,成孔直径砂岩为24 mm、型煤为40 mm,分别为喷头外径的1.5倍和2.5倍,为煤矿井下小曲率钻进技术的突破提供了技术支撑.The radial drilling of small curvature in coal mine is a new type of hydraulic stimulation technology, which is one of the important ways to achieve precise, intelligent and efficient extraction, and the structure of jet nozzle and the effect of hole formation are the key and difficult points of this technology. In order to meet the requirements of small curvature steering and hole forming effect, the influences of structure parameters, hydraulic parameters and jet parameters on the effect of rock breaking and hole forming were systematically analyzed. The rock-breaking drilling simulation experiment system developed by the company was used to analyze the structural parameters of the external rotary nozzle, the influence of hydraulic parameters and jet parameters on the effect of rock fragmentation. Through the rock-breaking drilling test analysis, the influences of key parameters such as nozzle number, nozzle deflection angle, jet pressure and jet spray distance on the rock-breaking effect were obtained. The rock-breaking characteristics of nozzles with different opening angles were obtained. With the increase of the jet opening angle of the nozzle, the depth of rock breaking hole decreases gradually, and the aperture increases gradually, and the rock breaking volume was the largest when the opening angle of the nozzle was 30°. Based on the rotation characteristics of the external rotary jet, the multi-nozzles shifting axis inclined circular arrangement was designed, the opening angles of nozzles were 20°, 30° and 50°, and the nozzle spacing was 2 mm and 5 mm, respectively. At the same time, a variety of lithology and mechanical environment drilling tests were carried out. The borehole sections were regular circular, with a diameter of 24 mm for sandstone and 40 mm for briquette, which were 1.5 times and 2.5 times the outer diameter of the nozzle respectively. It will provide technical support for the breakthrough of coal mine small curvature drilling technology.

关 键 词：瓦斯抽采 小曲率径向钻孔 外旋式喷头 结构参数 高效抽采 成孔效果 

分 类 号：TD712[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]