中国老年居民高血压患病现状与饮食影响因素分析  

Analysis of hypertensive status and diet influencing factors in Chinese elderly residents

作　　者：姜峰 王福娟 乔金鸽 张功员[1] JIANG Feng;WANG Fu-juan;QIAO Jin-ge;ZHANG Gong-yuan(不详;Department of Disease Control and Prevention,Zhengzhou University Hospital,Zhengzhou,Henan 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学医院疾病预防控制科,河南郑州450001 [2]郑州大学公共卫生学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2021年第24期3044-3048,共5页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

摘　　要：目的了解中国老年人高血压患病现状及饮食因素对其的影响,为改善中国老年人高血压患病情况及制定相关预防措施提供科学依据。方法使用中国老年人健康影响因素跟踪调查2018年数据,运用χ^(2)检验,二元Logistic回归分析65岁及以上中国老年人的高血压患病现状及影响因素。结果纳入8508例65岁及以上的老年人,高血压患病率为64.23%。调整社会人口学因素、BMI值以及睡眠时间后,主食类别(面粉VS大米OR=1.28,95%CI:1.12~1.48);是否经常吃新鲜水果(否VS是OR=0.88,95%CI:0.80~0.97);肉类摄入(有时VS经常OR=1.33,95%CI:1.15~1.54;很少/从不VS经常OR=1.36,95%CI:1.13~1.64);鱼等水产品摄入(很少/从不VS经常OR=0.76,95%CI:0.66~0.87);蛋类摄入(很少/从不VS经常OR=1.20,95%CI:1.01~1.43);腌咸菜或泡菜摄入(有时VS经常OR=0.87,95%CI:0.78~0.93);奶制品摄入(有时VS经常OR=0.82,95%CI:0.72~0.93;很少/从不VS经常OR=0.83,95%CI:0.74~0.93),饮茶(很少/从不VS经常OR=0.82,95%CI:0.73~0.93)是患高血压的影响因素。结论中国老年人的高血压患病率较高,多种饮食相关因素会影响高血压患病率,老年人应合理膳食、保持饮食均衡。Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension among Chinese elderly and the influence of dietary habits on the prevalence of hypertension,and to provide scientific basis for improving the prevalence of hypertension among the elderly in China and the formulation of relevant preventive measures.Methods Using the data of the Chinese elderly health influencing factors tracking survey in 2018,χ^(2) test and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension in Chinese elderly aged 65 and above.Results A total of 8508 people aged 65 years and older were included in the study.The prevalence of hypertension was 64.23%.After adjusting for sociodemographic factors,BMI,and sleep duration,the results showed that the following factors are the influencing factors of hypertension:dietary staples(flour VS rice OR=1.28,95%CI:1.12-1.48);whether they often eat fresh fruit(no VS yes OR=0.88,95%CI:0.80-0.97);frequency of meat intake(sometimes VS regularly OR=1.33,95%CI:1.15-1.54;rarely/never VS regularly OR=1.36,95%CI:1.13-1.64);frequency of intake of fish and other aquatic products(rarely/never VS regularly intake OR=0.76,95%CI:0.66-0.87);frequency of egg intake(rarely/never VS regularly OR=1.20,95%CI:1.01-1.43);frequency of consumption of pickled vegetables or pickles(sometimes VS regularly OR=0.87,95%CI:0.78-0.93);frequency of dairy intake(sometimes VS regularly OR=0.82,95%CI:0.72-0.93;rarely/never VS regularly intake of OR=0.83,95%CI:0.74-0.93),and frequency of tea consumption(rarely/never VS regularly intake of OR=0.82,95%CI:0.73-0.93).Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension is high among the elderly in China,and poor dietary habits are the risk factors leading to the high prevalence of hypertension.The elderly should eat reasonably and keep a balanced diet.

关 键 词：老年人 高血压 饮食 

分 类 号：R544[医药卫生—心血管疾病]