基流分割对城市雨洪过程模拟的影响研究——以济南市主城区为例  

Effect of baseflow separation on simulation of urban rainfallrunoff processes:case of the metropolitan area,Jinan

作　　者：王京晶 徐宗学[1] 赵刚 李鹏[1] 赵彦军 宋苏林 WANG Jingjing;XU Zongxue;ZHAO Gang;LI Peng;ZHAO Yanjun;SONG Sulin(Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology,College of Water Sciences,Beijing Normal University,100875,Beijing,China;School of Geographical Sciences,University of Bristol,BS81TH,Bristol,UK;Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,100101,Beijing,China;Ji’nan Hydrology Bureau,250014,Ji’nan,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]城市水循环与海绵城市技术北京市,重点实验室北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]布里斯托大学地理科学学院,英国布里斯托BS81TH [3]陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [4]济南市水文局,山东济南250014

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第6期776-783,共8页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题资助项目(2017YFC1502701);城市水循环与海绵城市技术北京市重点实验室研究生创新基金资助项目(HYD2021IFMS01)。

摘　　要：准确预报洪水过程对城市防洪减灾至关重要.基流一般是指来源于地下水,河道中常年存在的基本径流,在进行城市洪水模拟时对模拟结果具有重要的影响.为提高模型模拟精度,本文构建了济南市主城区流域SWMM(storm water management model),借助基流水平分割法处理模型率定所需流量数据,将基流分割前后流量数据应用于模型率定和验证,模拟6场不同历史暴雨洪水过程并定量评价基流分割前后的模拟效果.研究结果表明:基流量大小约占洪峰流量的10%,对洪水模拟结果影响较大;当采用原始流量数据率定模型时,未区分降水和其他径流组分来源,模拟效果一般(纳什效率系数均值为0.532);当使用基流分割后的流量数据时,模拟精度明显提高(纳什效率系数均值为0.765),场次暴雨模拟精度平均提高43.7%,洪峰流量相对误差降低3.59%,对峰现时间误差等洪水过程波动趋势特征影响不明显.本文拓展了基流分割在城市雨洪模拟中的应用,并为相关部门在城市暴雨洪水灾害预报预警方面提供了一定的科学依据和技术支撑.Accurate simulation of rainfall-runoff is important in urban flood prevention and mitigation.An important component of urban flood is baseflow-basic runoff that comes from groundwater aquifer and flows in river channel.To improve simulation accuracy,a storm water management model(SWMM)was developed.Discharge data required for model calibration was processed by constant-discharge baseflow separation.Discharge data with or without baseflow separation was used for model calibration and validation respectively,to simulate six different historical floods,Effect of baseflow separation on simulation results was quantitatively assessed.Baseflow was found to account for 10%of peak discharge,but with significant impact on flood process simulation.When original discharge data was used for model calibration,and discharge from precipitation and other sources(e.g.groundwater)were not distinguished,overall model performance was not satisfied with average Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency(C_(NSE))of 0.532.Simulation accuracy was improved significantly when baseflow was separated from original discharge,with an average C_(NSE) of 0.765.After adopting baseflow separation,simulation accuracy(C_(NSE))for heavy rainstorms increased on average by 43.7%,relative error of peak discharge decreased by 3.59%.Baseflow,however,had no obvious influence on flood peak time.The present work provides some scientific basis for urban rainfall-runoff and flooding simulations,and would be helpful for water authorities to formulate their disaster prevention and mitigation measures.These data expand the application of baseflow separation in urban storm flood process simulation,and provide scientific basis and technical support in urban storm flood disaster prediction and early warning.

关 键 词：城市洪涝 SWMM 基流 遗传算法 率定 济南市 

分 类 号：P38[天文地球—地球物理学] TV122.1[水利工程—水文学及水资源]