过渡金属磷化物纳米材料催化尿素电解制氢研究进展  

Recent advances in transition metal phosphide nanomaterials for hydrogen production by urea electrolysis

作　　者：徐秀娟 张清硕 国通 黄明华 XU Xiujuan;ZHANG Qingshuo;GUO Tong;HUANG Minghua(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学材料科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《化学研究》2022年第1期1-8,共8页Chemical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(21775142);中德合作研究项目(GZ 1351);山东省自然科学基金重大基础研究项目(ZR2020ZD10)。

摘　　要：电解水制氢技术操作简单、产物纯度高,是一种前景广阔的绿色制氢方式。然而,阳极析氧反应(OER)具有较高的热力学电势和缓慢的动力学,严重阻碍了电解水制氢技术的大规模工业应用。近年来,人们发现利用较低热力学电势的尿素氧化反应(UOR)取代阳极OER能够同时实现氢气的节能生产和尿素废水的净化。但这种技术的挑战在于尿素电解过程涉及复杂的多步电子转移步骤,需要高性能的催化剂来提高其反应速率。过渡金属磷化物具有独特的催化表面、良好的导电性和稳定性等特点,在尿素电解制氢领域得到了广泛的研究和发展。本文综述了均相单金属磷化物和双金属磷化物以及非均相金属磷化物在催化尿素电解中的研究进展,分析了其组分和结构对催化活性和稳定性的影响,最后总结了尿素电解催化剂目前面临的难题和挑战,并展望了其未来的研究方向。Due to the simple operation and high purity of product,water electrolysis technology has been regarded as a promising green method for hydrogen production.However,anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)possesses high thermodynamic potential and slow kinetics,which seriously hinders the large-scale industrial application of water electrolysis.It has been recently reported that urea oxidation reaction(UOR)with lower thermodynamic potential instead of anodic OER can generate energy-saving hydrogen and mitigate urea-rich wastewater purification concurrently.But the challenge of this technology is that urea electrolysis involves complex multi-step electron transfer process,and hence high-performance catalysts are needed to improve the reaction rate.Transition metal phosphides have been widely studied and developed because of their unique catalytic surface,good conductivity and excellent stability in the field of urea electrolysis.In this paper,we reviewed the research advances of homogeneous monometallic phosphides,bimetallic phosphides and heterogeneous metallic phosphides as catalysts for urea electrolysis,and then analyzed the effects of their components and structures on the catalytic activity and stability.Finally,we summarized the current problems and challenges faced by catalysts,and looked forward to their future research direction.

关 键 词：均相过渡金属磷化物 非均相过渡金属磷化物 尿素氧化反应 析氢反应 尿素电解 

分 类 号：O643.3[理学—物理化学]