滨海盐渍棉田施用微生物菌肥的降盐效果及棉花长势响应  

Effects of Microbial Fertilizer on Salt Reduction and Cotton Growth Response in Coastal Salted Cotton Field

作　　者：王启尧 赵庚星 赵永昶 杨婧文 张术伟 李涛 李建伟 潘登 涂强 WANG Qiyao;ZHAO Gengxing;ZHAO Yongchang;YANG Jingwen;ZHANG Shuwei;LI Tao;LI Jianwei;PAN Deng;TU Qiang(College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Tai'an 271018,China;Shandong Provincial Soil and Fertilizer Work Station,Jinan 250013,China;Shandong Yi′an Biological Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250014,China;State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省土壤肥料工作总站,山东济南250013 [3]山东亿安生物工程有限公司,山东济南250014 [4]山东大学,微生物技术国家重点实验室,山东济南250100

出　　处：《华北农学报》2021年第S01期267-274,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41877003);山东省重大科技创新工程项目“盐碱地(2019JZZY010724);山东省“双一流”奖补资金(SYL2017XTTD02)。

摘　　要：为探究滨海盐渍棉田施用微生物菌肥的降盐效果及棉花长势响应,选择黄河三角洲滨海轻度、中度盐渍棉田,布设不同种类生物产品、不同用量微生物菌肥的棉花田间试验,采集土壤盐分、棉花株高、SPAD值、冠层NDVI等数据,以各处理间的对比分析及方差分析方法,系统分析微生物菌肥对盐渍棉田的降盐效果及其棉花的长势响应。结果表明:不同种类的生物产品处理均有一定降盐效果,表层和下层、根际和垄间含盐量均有所下降。轻度盐渍棉田土壤含盐量降幅7.03%~35.06%,株高增幅9.76%~15.40%,SPAD值增幅12.97%~22.64%,NDVI值增幅12.58%~19.85%,微生物菌肥处理效果最佳;中度盐渍化棉田土壤含盐量降幅6.18%~31.85%,株高增幅10.02%~17.12%,SPAD值增幅13.67%~15.55%,NDVI值增幅9.22%~18.69%,微生物菌肥的降盐效果最为明显。综合看,施用微生物菌肥的降盐和长势促进效果,优于有机物+有益微生物处理,优于商品有机肥处理,微生物菌肥的推荐施用量1500 kg/hm^(2)。本研究证明滨海盐渍棉田施用微生物菌肥有明显降盐效果,并对棉花的长势有积极促进作用,研究结果为滨海盐渍农田生物改良提供了参考。The aim of this study was to explore the effect of applying microbial fertilizer on salt reduction and the response of cotton growth in coastal saline cotton field.The mild and moderate saline cotton fields in the coastal area of the Yellow River Delta were selected.Cotton field experiments were conducted with different kinds of biological products and different amounts of microbial fertilizer.Soil salinity,cotton plant height,SPAD value,canopy NDVI and other data were collected.The effect of microbial fertilizer on reducing salt in saline cotton field and its response to cotton growth were systematically analyzed.The results showed that different kinds of biological products had a certain effect on salt reduction,and the salt content in surface and underlayer,rhizosphere and between ridges decreased.In mildly saline cotton field,soil salt content decreased between 7.03% and 35.06%,plant height increased by 9.76% to 15.40%,SPAD value increased by 12.97%to 22.64%,and NDVI value increased by 12.58%to 19.85%.Microbial fertilizer treatment had the best effect.Soil salt content decreased by 6.18%-31.85%,plant height increased by 10.02%-17.12%,SPAD value increased by 13.67%-15.55%,and NDVI value increased by 9.22%-18.69% in moderate salinized cotton fields.The effect of microbial fertilizer on reducing salt was the most obvious.In general,the salt reduction and growth promotion effects of the application of microbial fertilizer were better than that of organic matter+beneficial microbial treatment,and better than that of commercial organic fertilizer treatment.The recommended application amount of microbial fertilizer was 1500 kg/ha.This study proved that the application of microbial fertilizer in coastal saline cotton field had an obvious effect of reducing salt,and had a positive effect on the growth of cotton.The results provided a reference for the biological improvement of coastal saline farmland.

关 键 词：微生物菌肥 土壤含盐量 盐渍棉田 棉花长势 降盐效果 生物改良 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学] S562.01[农业科学—农业基础科学]