施氮量对稻茬弱筋小麦原粮品质及大曲品质的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Raw Grain Quality and Daqu Quality in Wheat-rice System

作　　者：陈艳琦 刘琼 边巴拉姆 陈松鹤 张恒 李朝苏[3] 杨洪坤 郑亭 黄秀兰 樊高琼 CHEN Yanqi;LIU Qiong;BIANBA Lamu;CHEN Songhe;ZHANG Heng;LI Chaosu;YANG Hongkun;ZHENG Ting;HUANG Xiulan;FAN Gaoqiong(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Chengdu 611130,China;Xizang Qamdo Biba County Reyu Town Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Service Center,Changdu 854000,China;Crop Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都611130 [2]西藏昌都市边坝县热玉乡农牧综合服务中心,西藏昌都854000 [3]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,四川成都610066

出　　处：《华北农学报》2021年第S01期297-305,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300406);四川省农作物育种攻关项目(2021YFY2002);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(20150312705)。

摘　　要：为明确施氮量对四川稻茬弱筋小麦原粮品质及大曲品质的影响,于2019-2020年在四川省大邑县进行,采用二因素裂区设计,主区为弱筋小麦品种绵麦367和蜀麦1671,副区为5个氮水平,分别为0(N_(0)),90(N_(90)),135(N_(135)),180(N_(180))和225 kg/hm^(2)(N_(225)),除N_(0)外,其他处理底肥氮水平为45 kg/hm^(2),剩余氮肥于四叶一心期追施。结果表明,两品种籽粒容重均高于750 g/L,粉质率均大于70%,N_(225)处理显著增加了籽粒的硬度指数、降低了粉质率;N_(90)处理下千粒质量最高;随施氮量增加,蛋白质含量逐渐增加(蜀麦1671)或先升后降(绵麦367),湿面筋含量和沉淀值在225 kg/hm^(2)处理下最大;N_(135)水平下淀粉含量达到最大值;降落值和RVA特征值随施氮量增加逐渐增加或趋于平稳;脂肪含量随施氮量增加呈下降趋势;大曲的感官评价总分、糖化力、酸度分别在N_(180)、N_(135)、N_(135)水平下达到最高值;感官评价主要受淀粉、脂肪含量的影响,其次是蛋白质;糖化力和酸度均在淀粉含量较高时达到最大值。研究认为,小麦籽粒淀粉含量对大曲品质形成尤其重要,合理增施氮肥可以优化弱筋小麦原粮特性,进而促进大曲制作适宜性,建议西南地区用于制作大曲的稻茬小麦的适宜施氮范围为135~180 kg/hm^(2)。To clarify the effect of nitrogen application rate on the quality of wheat-rice system and Daqu quality in Sichuan Province.The experiment was started from 2019 to 2020 and carried out in Dayi County,Sichuan Province.The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design,with Mianmai 367 and Shumai 1671 as the main factor and the sub-plot was five nitrogen levels(0,90,135,180 and 225 kg/ha),which were marked as N_(0),N_(90),N_(135),N_(180) and N_(225),respectively.Except for N_(0),the basal nitrogen level of other treatments was 45 kg/ha,and the remaining nitrogen was applied at single stage of four leaves.The results showed that the grain bulk density and opaque rate of the two varieties were higher than 750 g/L and 70%,respectively.Compared with other treatments,the hardness index of N 225 treatment was significantly increased and the opaque rate was reduced,and the 1000-grain weight of N 90 treatment was the highest.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the protein content gradually increased(Shumai 1671)or first increased and then decreased(Mianmai 367).The wet gluten content and sedimentation value were the largest under 225 kg/ha treatment,and the starch content reached the maximum in N 135 treatment.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the falling value and RVA characteristic value gradually increased or tended to be stable,whereas the fat content showed a downward trend.Compared with other treatments,the sensory evaluation,saccharifying power and acidity reached the highest at N_(180),N_(135) and N_(135) treatment,respectively.The sensory evaluation was mainly affected by the content of starch and fat,followed by protein.The saccharifying power and acidity reached the maximum when the starch content was high.The results showed that grain starch content is particularly important for the formation of Daqu quality.Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer can optimize the raw grain characteristics of weak gluten wheat and promote the suitability of Daqu production.In conclusion,it is sugge

关 键 词：稻茬麦 氮 品质 大曲 

分 类 号：S141.3[农业科学—肥料学]