不同的滴灌定额对乳熟期玉米根系分布特征及产量的影响  

Effects of drip irrigation on root distribution and yield of maize in the milk stage

作　　者：田宇欣 梁飞[1,2] 李全胜 王国栋[1,2] 曾胜和 TIAN Yuxin;LIANG Fei;LI Quansheng;WANG Guodong;ZENG Shenghe(Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil Fertilizer,Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Shihezi Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Grop Efficient Water Use,Ministry of Agrculture,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricutural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所,新疆石河子832000 [2]农业部作物高效用水石河子科学观测实验站,新疆石河子832000 [3]新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2021年第12期212-220,共9页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：兵团中青年领军人才计划(2018CB026);兵团科技攻关与成果转化项目(2016AC008);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31460550)。

摘　　要：为了探寻不同滴灌定额对玉米根系空间分布特征的影响,本文通过设置不同灌溉定额,对比分析不同灌溉量下玉米根系生长发育、空间分布及玉米地上部的变化特征。试验于2014—2016年进行,共设置4个处理方案:滴灌4200 m^(3)/hm^(2)、4800 m^(3)/hm^(2)、5400 m^(3)/hm^(2)和6000 m^(3)/hm^(2),通过田间对比试验研究不同灌溉定额下,玉米根系特征及产量的变化。研究表明根系长度随着滴灌量的增加呈现出“先降低后增加的趋势”;滴灌玉米的主要根系分布范围为水平0~25 cm、垂直0~15 cm的椭圆形范围内,灌溉量的增加使得下层根表面积、根重量增加,根系外移,椭球体体积增大。玉米产量随着灌溉量增加呈单峰型增长趋势,以籽粒平均产量为依变量(y),滴灌量为自变量(x),根据产量得到回归方程为y=-0.0017x^(2)+17.785x-30393,R^(2)=0.7413;理论上滴灌量(x)为5230 m^(3)/hm^(2)时,滴灌玉米每公顷产量(y)最高为16122.6 kg。本研究表明随着灌溉量的增加,玉米产量呈现出增长趋势,且滴灌量过大与过小均影响玉米产量提高,本试验中最佳滴灌量为4600~5500 m^(3)/hm^(2)。In order to explore the influence of different drip irrigation quotas on the spatial distribution of maize roots,this paper compares and analyzes the variation of maize root growth,spatial distribution and shoots under different irrigation amount by setting different irrigation quotas.A field experiment that includes four treatments namely 4200 m^(3)/hm^(2),4800 m^(3)/hm^(2),5400 m^(3)/hm^(2) and 6000 m^(3)/hm^(2) is conducted from 2014 to 2016 to study the changes in maize root characteristics and yield under different irrigation quotas.Results show that root length firstly decreases and then increases with the increase of drip irrigation amount.The distribution of maize root under film drip irrigation is an oval range of 0~25 cm horizontally and 0~15 cm vertically,and the increase of irrigation amount makes the lower layer of root surface area and root weight to increase.The root outward movement,and the ellipsoid volume increases as well.With the increase of irrigation amount,maize yield shows a single peak growth trend.Taking average grain yield as dependent variable(y)and drip irrigation amount as independent variable(x),according to the yield,the regression equation is as follow:y=-0.0017x^(2)+17.785x-30393,R^(2)=0.7413.Theoretically,when the amount of drip irrigation(x)is 5230 m^(3)/hm^(2),the highest yield(y)is 16122.6 kg per hectare.These results suggest that with the increase of irrigation,maize yield shows an increasing trend.However,inappropriate amount of drip irrigation will affect the increase of maize yield.The best amount of drip irrigation is 4600~5500 m^(3)/hm^(2) in this experiment.

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 玉米根系 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]