基于RUSLE模型的承德市土壤侵蚀敏感性及其对土地利用变化响应研究  

Assessment of soil erosion sensitivity and response analysis of soil erosion sensitivity to land use change in Chengde City

作　　者：颜小平 吴雷祥[1] 谢军 王永前[3] YAN Xiaoping;WU Leixiang;XIE Jun;WANG Yongqian(Institute of Water Ecology and Environment,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100089,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya’an 625014,Sichuan,China;College of Resources and Environment,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水生态环境研究所,北京100089 [2]四川农业大学水利水电学院,四川雅安625014 [3]成都信息工程大学资源环境学院,四川成都610225

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2021年第12期221-232,共12页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51879279);中央部门预算项目库区维护和管理基金(2136703)。

摘　　要：研究承德市土壤侵蚀敏感性时空变化特征及其对土地利用变化的响应,能够为该市水土保持工作和解决局部河流泥沙淤积及水质超标问题提供科学依据。利用ENVI、ArcGIS软件和RUSLE模型,通过对遥感影像和土壤侵蚀等数据资料进行处理及计算,定量研究了承德市土壤侵蚀敏感度变化特征及其对人类土地利用变化的响应关系。结果表明:(1)2003—2018年,承德市土壤侵蚀敏感性以不敏感和轻度敏感为主,占总面积的81.47%,整体处于轻度敏感水平。其整体侵蚀状况向好,但郭家屯、偏桥子镇等局部区域状况恶化。(2)研究期间,不敏感区、轻度敏感区和中度敏感区面积变化较小,高度及极敏感区面积则增幅较大。植被覆盖度、坡度和土壤可蚀性是2003—2009年高度及极敏感面积增加的主导因素,降雨则是2009年后影响高度及极敏感区变化的关键因子。(3)承德市土地利用变化引起的土壤侵蚀敏感性变化面积共733.15 km^(2),其中土壤侵蚀敏感性增加的占比为47.29%,降低的占比为16.33%,两者正相关关系更加显著。承德市土壤侵蚀敏感性状况整体向好,局部状况恶化,应重点关注高度及极敏感区和R因子的变化。其土地利用变化易令土壤侵蚀敏感性增加,可继续优化土地利用结构并避免频繁改变土地利用方式。To study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil erosion sensitivity and its response to land use change in Chengde City, so as to provide a scientific basis for soil and water conservation and solving the problems of local river sediment deposition and water quality exceeding the standard. In this paper, ENVI, ArcGIS software and RUSLE model are used for data processing and calculation to quantitatively study the change characteristics of soil erosion sensitivity and its response to human land use change in Chengde from the perspective of time and space. The results show that:(1) from 2003 to 2018, the sensitivity of soil erosion in Chengde was mainly insensitive and mildly sensitive, accounting for 81.47% of the total area. The overall situation was at the level of mild erosion, and the overall situation was good, but the situation in some areas such as Guojiatun and pianqiaozi town deteriorated.(2) During the study period, the areas of insensitive area, mildly sensitive area and moderately sensitive area changed slightly, while the areas of highly and extremely sensitive area increased greatly. Vegetation coverage and management, slope length and steepness, soil erodibility are the leading factors for the increase of highly and extremely sensitive area from 2003 to 2009, and rainfall factor is the key factor affecting the change of highly and extremely sensitive area after 2009.(3) The change area of soil erosion sensitivity caused by land use change in Chengde is 733.15 km^(2), of which 47.29% is increased and 16.33% is decreased. The positive correlation between the two is more significant. The sensitivity of soil erosion in Chengde is better as a whole and worse in some parts. Chengde City should pay attention to the changes of height, extremely sensitive area and R factor. Its land use change is easy to increase the sensitivity of soil erosion. Chengde can continue to optimize the land use structure and avoid frequent changes in land use mode.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀敏感性 土地利用 土壤侵蚀 RUSLE 承德市 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]